Difference between retained earnings

Retained earnings is the profit generated by a company that are not distributed to stockholders (shareholders) as dividends but are either reinvested in the business or kept as a reserve for specific objectives (such as to pay off a debt or purchase a capital asset). A balance sheet figure shown under the heading retained earnings is the sum of all profits retained since the companys inception. Retained earnings are reduced by losses, and are also called accumulated earnings, accumulated profit, accumulated Income, accumulated surplus, earned surplus, ndistributed earnings, or undivided profits.Profit and loss account is one of the financial statements of a company and shows the companys revenues and expenses during a particular period. It Indicates how the revenues (money received from the sale of products and services before expenses are taken out, also known as the â€Å"top line†) are transformed into the net income (the result after all revenues and expenses have been acc ounted for, also known as â€Å"net profit† or the â€Å"bottom line†). It displays the revenues recognized tor a specific period, nd the cost and expenses charged against these revenues, including write- offs (e. . , depreciation and amortization of various assets) and taxes. The purpose of the income statement is to show managers and investors whether the company made or lost money during the period being reported. When any amount is kept separate by a company out of its profit for future purpose then that is called as General reserves. In other words, the general reserves are the ‘retained earnings' of a company which are kept aside out of company's profits to meet future known or unknown obligations.General reserves are the part of ‘Profit and Loss Appropriation Account'. The general reserve is a free reserve which can be utilized for any purpose after fulfilling certain conditions. The primary differences between the retained earnings , profit and loss account and general reserve is as follows: Point of difference Retained earning Account General reserve Definition This is the profit which is not distributed to the stockholders but probably reinvested In the business. This Is the financial statement of a company which shows the tOf2 for future purposes. UsesThis is used or retained as earnings for specific objectives like to pay off debts etc. The purpose of the income statement is to show managers and investors whether the company made or lost money during the period being reported. General reserve is certain amount of money kept aside for future need or unexpected expenses. Found under A balance sheet figure shown under the heading retained earnings is the sum of all profits retained since the company's inception. Found in the final accounts statement book General reserves are the part of Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.

Othello and Family Guy

Othello Cast inspired by the characters of Michaela N Cleveland Brown as Othello Cleveland Brown is overall a kind person with a hot temper. He becomes jealous easily, especially in terms of his marriage and wife. Cleveland trusts his friends to a fault, and is dim-witted. All these traits strike a strong resemblance to Othello. Similar to Othello, Cleveland racially does not fit in among friends, and both are treated different as a result. Both men also are trusted by their friends, and care more about what is going to make them happy in the moment, rather than long term.Cleveland and Othello tend to speak coarsely and slowly, as opposed to those who they mingle with. Othello and Cleveland furthermore are laid back. The men usually are the puppets of their mates, going with the flow and believing the most ridiculous of things. Cleveland represents Shakespeare's Othello quite perfectly. Brian as Iago Brian is extremely intelligent, logical, and rational character. He is trusted, but not loyal to those who trust him. His motivations are not always clear or obvious.Brian is thought of as â€Å"man's best friend† but he doesn't act that way. He is generally mean spirited, quick-tempered, and has a sarcastic, dry, yet hilarious, sense of humor. These traits bear resemblance to Iago, Othello's enemy. Iago and Brian are also manipulative, deceptive, and untrustworthy. Both characters lack a sense of emotion and compassion, as they are willing to do things, like kill friends or a wife, easily. Brian has a crush on Louis, and Iago is taken by Desdemona.Together they have a love-hate relationship with women, enjoying them physically, but annoyed with femininity and emotional drama. Iago and Brian mirror each other perfectly. Lois as Desdemona Lois is a complex, sweet, yet dark, jealous, and somewhat cold-hearted woman. She is known to cheat, be devious, and be extremely flirtatious, which in turn gets her into trouble. She loves her husband, but doesn't have a pr oblem with being unfaithful to him. She is known to be a beauty, and to have left her father to pursue a crazy lifestyle.Lois is a strong, independent woman despite being a wife. She furthermore has a bewitching affect over men, and she uses this gift to get what she wants. Desdemona is very much like Lois in all this attributes. Desdemona seems innocent but is truly brilliantly mischievous. Both are smart, but don't always think before they act. They are both comparable, thus match beautifully. Joe Swanson as Michael Cassio Joe makes a perfect Cassio. Joe is a police officer, just as Cassio is a lieutenant.Joe is devoted, loyal, moral, masculine, buff, admirable, and honorable. Cassio in ‘Othello' is also very much like this. Glenn Quagmire as Roderigo Roderigo is rich, rather foolish, too trusting of Iago, and interested in Desdemona. Quagmire is also well off, acts unintelligently, and is interested in women to an extreme. Both men are so obsessed over a certain woman they will do whatever it takes. They trust their friends to a fault and lack compassion. Both men exemplify immaturity too. Therefore, Quagmire and Roderigo quite nicely pair up.Bonnie as Bianca Bianca and Bonnie were prostitutes, loved fame and a title. They spoke softly and meaningfully. ‘ Carter as Brabanzio Carter is fatherly, rich, over-protective of his daughter, self-important, powerful, devious, blustering, and gets angry with his daughter's husband numerously. Brabanzio is also fatherly, a senator, very protective of his daughter, devious, blubbering, self-intelligible, and is upset when his daughter leaves him for Othello. Both men hate their sons-in-law with a fiery passion. They are two of a kind.

Potato Osmosis Lab Report

Abstract:In this experiment was designed to study the effect of a concentrated solution applied to white and sweet potatoes. The solution’s impact among the potatoes were to be either hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic. The potatoes were first cut into fries with a fry cutter, and then weighed after being cut. The white and sweet potatoes’ weights ranged from .005-.015 grams.A total of 18 sugar solutions are to be made over the course of 3 trials. In each trial, 6 different types of solutions are to be made. (0% sugar, 10% sugar, 20% sugar, 30% sugar, 40% sugar, and 50% sugar). For each trial, in 6 plastic cups, pour 100mL of water, combine the sugar that in which corresponds to the percentage of sugar, and place one â€Å"potato fry† in each cup. In the first and second trials, use the sweet potatoes. In the third trial, use the white potatoes. LABELTHE CUPS ACCORDING TO THE MIXED SOLUTION! Leave the potatoes to sit for a 24-hour period.Introduction: Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a partially permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration in the presence of water. An isotonic solution is one in which the concentration of solutes is the same inside the cell as outside the cell (STAYS THE SAME). A hypotonic solution will have a lower concentration of solutes than the cell (SWELLS).A hypertonic solution will have a higher concentration of solutes than the cell and will have a higher osmotic pressure outside the cell than inside the cell. (SHRINKS) The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of one concentrated solution (with different percentages of solute) on white and sweet potatoes. If a .015 white potato is placed in solution with 50% sugar, then it will shrink! (Hypotonic)Materials: †¢Sugar †¢Water †¢Potato Fry Cutter †¢Plastic Cups †¢Black Permanent Marker †¢Graduated Cylinder †¢1 Sweet Potato †¢1 White PotatoProcedures:1.Accumul ate 1 white and 1 sweet potato. 2.Cut potatoes into fries with a fry cutter and weigh 12 white potato fries and 6 sweet potato fries. 3.For each trial, in 6 plastic cups, pour 100mL of water, combine the sugar that in which corresponds to the percentage of sugar. LABEL THE CUPS! 4.Place one potato fry in each cup. 5.In the first and second trials, use the sweet potatoes. In the third trial, use the white potatoes. 6.Leave the potato fries to sit for 24-hours.Controls: The controls include the time, temperature, and 100mL of each water, ETC. Independent Variables: The independent variables include the solutions tested, ETC. Dependent Variables: The potatoes’ ability to swell, shrink or stay the same, ETC.Conclusion: Through experimentation, â€Å"If a .015 white potato is placed in solution with 50% sugar, then it will shrink† hypothesis was accurately proved. To further better this experiment, I would extend the time over a course of 2 hours and would test the experime nt outside on the sun.Questions: What causes sugar to shrink and swell things? Why did some potatoes swell and others didn’t that had the same weight and percentage of sugar?

Mental HEALTH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Mental HEALTH - Essay Example Case Facts Toni is a 22 year old student who completed secondary school successfully and moved to a university in a suburban community. In the final year of the course, Toni began to complain to his course tutor that the course was becoming stressful. Her performance fell and she cut down on the hours she used to spend studying. At home, Toni became more reclusive and she began to miss lectures and spend long hours in isolation. She refused to leave her bedroom and began to express paranoid delusions about things that are non-existent. She began to complain about how terrible life was and began to argue for a life outside the normal. Toni became less concerned about what she ate and she seem to be going through serious anorexia. She took up strange practices and has said she is not interested in living in a modern setting anymore. She has began advocating for strange beliefs and teachings and in one of her conversations with a group of friends she expressed interest in the Afterlife and how she longed to get into that arena. Toni's mother recently saw that she had visited a suicide forum on her computer and she also saw a note which she suspected to be a suicide note. Framework of Treatment â€Å"Mental health is the adjustment of human beings to each other and the world around them with a maximum effectiveness and happiness† (Basavanthappa, 2007). ... There are several policies in the UK that supports mental health and a healthy emotional and mental life for all. The Human Rights Act of the UK which came to force in 1998 provides rights for all people. These rights cover the right to life and the right to important privileges in different elements of social life. Also, the Department of Social Security came up with the Opportunities for All in 1999. This programme guaranteed rights for all members of the society including people with disabilities like mental challenges. It sought to eliminate discrimination and encourage a better life for all these different people in society. According to the New Horizons Strategy of the UK government, the following pointers and indicators mark the wider framework of mental health in the UK and is to be worked at by the year 2020. The first point is to improve the mental health of everyone in Britain. This end is to be attained by eliminating discrimination, promoting early diagnosis and treatmen t as well as the provision of specific treatments for individual cases. The 2020 framework of the UK also focuses on stakeholders and supporting them to attain the best results in mental health. Also, the framework seeks to promote accessibility of mental healthcare (Department of Health, 2009). Although this policy is not in operation, it is being developed and targets are being pursued by the various stakeholders. In most cases, mental health cases are initiated by a third party who notices that the patient has issues (Cohen, 2011). This is because most patients with mental health problems fail to realise the severity of their problems whilst others totally deny it. There is a major debate between cognitive behavioural therapy and how it should be done. This conflict

VII Hazardous Chemicals Multiple choice and two essay questions

VII Hazardous Chemicals Multiple choice and two questions - Essay Example In case the material does not drip but remains at the immediate site of combustion, they thermally decompose and ignites spreading the fire (Meyer, 2010). When polymeric material burn, they decompose producing a considerable amount of gases and vapour. As the decomposition process continues, the gas might migrate and accumulate elsewhere especially near the ceiling. Here, they mix with atmospheric air then ignite causing the flame to spread further. Through a phenomenon called flashover, decomposition of a polymer can be caused by heat conducted, or radiated from another point. Combustible gases produced by thermal decomposition ignites and spread the fire to other room or sections. At flashover, safe exit from a room is not possible, and the living condition of a room are usually unbearable with the rooms temperatures ranging from 600 - 800-degree centigrade (Meyer, 2010). In addition, the vapour and gases produced by polymeric fire are dangerous and fatal. They include nitrogenous, sulfurous gases. A high concentration of carbon monoxide is also produced. If in an enclosed area, the level of these gases soar to a dangerous level within few minutes. The fire may affect areas far away the source. The hot gases and vapour produced can spread by convection through ventilation systems and other openings and end up affecting people elsewhere in the building. Polymeric fire produces a considerable amount of soot that when inhaled draws toxic gases into the bronchi and lungs (Meyer, 2010). Of all the three gases produced, Carbon Monoxide(CO) can be the most dangerous to the Environment, Health and Safety or the Fire Services professional responding to the scene. Once inhaled, the gas combines with the haemoglobin in the blood circulation system and converts into carboxyhemoglobin that causes an ineffective delivery of oxygen to the body tissues. At concentration levels of

Structure, Properties and Treament of Steel Assignment

Structure, Properties and Treament of Steel - Assignment Example The flow pattern shows an effective decrease in cross section beyond the orifice plate, with a maximum velocity and minimum pressure at the vena contract. The flow pattern and the sharp leading edge of the orifice plate which produces it are of major importance. The sharp edge results in an almost pure line contact between the plate and the effective flow, with the negligible fluid-to-metal friction drag at the boundary. Measuring fluid flow with an orifice and differential pressure manometer requires that the effect of the fluid over the manometer liquid be taken into account. The main intention of this experiment is to explore the relationship between fluids and the media through which they travel by exploring the events that occur in the movement of a fluid from one point to another and the characteristics of the fluid itself. These may include may include pressure, momentum, viscosity, turbulence, velocity of the fluid and friction. It also considers the impact of foreign bodies and flow equipment along the path of the fluid This experiment will allow students to learn the method of measuring air flow velocity using Pitot tube. The student will understand the working principle of Pitot tube as well as the importance of Bernoulli equation in deriving and calculating the velocity by exploring the developing boundary layer in the entry length of a pipe. The main objective of this was to determine the vital discharge coefficient for an orifice plate meter installed within an air flow pipe and using the static pressure tapping’s provided, to investigate the pressure distribution along the pipe downstream of the orifice plate. Essentially fluid dynamics in physics is considered as a sub-discipline of fluid mechanics, and deals with the relations between velocities and accelerations and forces exerted by or upon fluids in motion. This field encompasses aerodynamics, (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics

The Causes Of The Urban Unrest That Broke Out In A Number Of English Essay

The Causes Of The Urban Unrest That Broke Out In A Number Of English Cities In The Early 1980s - Essay Example By any account, the riots that broke out were caused by something; even though everyone is not in harmony about what the exact cause was. Either way, the unrest leads to several problems that could be seen by urban conflict that occurred. John Benyon is one person who tried to pinpoint the exact cause of the riots. He believed that the riots "were a consequence of the malfunctioning of the social system, of its inability to adapt to new demands, coupled with the growth of generalized beliefs which provided an account of why the system had failed and offered a new basis for reconstituted social action. These factors yielded a potential for collective violence: this became actual violence following the occurrence of a precipitator, some development which put discontent into a specific, and reinforcing, context, leading to a build-up of fear and antagonism which was eventually expressed in rioting"(Benyon). Benyon lays most of the blame on the crippling social system, and believes that it was the failure of this system that lead to the unrest that eventually broke out into violence and rioting. He likens riots to the idea of "mere hiccups which took place when social systems were unable to adjust", and believes that the riots also were to blame on the ethnic minorities which were living under these social conditions. Young black kids often found that they had to turn to lives of crime in areas such ads Brixton, due also in part to the lack of support from their families and the lack of needed work, both social conditions that lead to the unrest in these minority strong areas. Scarman however, puts a strong emphasis on the part of the local police forces, which he claims were not doing their best to reduce the crime and unrest that was stirring in Brixton. The police found themselves in a dilemma he claims, a "policing dilemma in Lambeth stemming from, on the one hand, the duty of the police to prevent and detect crime, and on the other, the need to create and sustain good relations with the ethnic minorities (Scarman). Caught between this conflict of work and interest, the police force was not adept in their duties to keep the civil unrest from boiling over into the riots that soon ensued. The police also suffered from many other criticism of how they handled the situation as it arose. The police has been accused of everything from racial prejudice, harassment, failure to stop crime, and many other accusations. Many people feel that the police area almost just as much to blame as everyone else involved in the riots, for as long as the police were not stopping the crime they were letting it expand unrestrained. Not acting against violence is just as bad as promoting it, and the inefficiency of the police force were just as responsible as the people doing the crimes. "Harassment does occur: and in Brixton even one isolated instance of misconduct can foster a whole region of rumors which rapidly become beliefs firmly held within the community", and it was this belief which became ingrained into the community. When people feel like they are being mistreated they will act like they are being mistreated, and this unrest can lead to violence and riots. One of the main areas of unrest was Brixton, and many people have spent sufficient time trying to understand and get to the bottom of the problem as it started there. Previous to the unrest that broke out in the late 1900s, Brixton was a thriving centre of worldly goods and movement, and it was hard to tell of the civil unrest that would soon breed in the upcoming years. "Brixton was a lively and prosperous place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The railway gave it excellent access to the centre of London: business and professional people

Greek Culture pertaining to the the foods they eat Essay

Greek Culture pertaining to the the foods they eat - Essay Example Food is the essence of life for a Greek, and for generations the ritual of cooking the main family meal has been that of the woman of the household. She will begin preparing an elaborate, complicated meal often from the morning, so that it is ready when the man and the children return home from work and school. Breakfast usually consists of a strong Greek coffee (ΕÎ »ÃŽ »ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ºÃÅ') and a bread ring (ÃŽÅ¡ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¦ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¿Ã Ã ÃŽ ¹) and is of no particular importance. The main meal of the day is an important family event; it is where the family members (and often friends) converse around the table and communicate – most socialising is based upon eating and drinking. The main meal is often eaten late afternoon, although this depends on the season (during the summer, it will be earlier) and is traditionally followed by a one to two hour nap, after which the man will often return to work for some hours. This concerns the working hours of Greece in general, althou gh there are exceptions as always, depending again on the season or the type of work as well as whether the family lives in a major city or small village. Of course, this is just a very basic introduction as to what the food culture in Greece consists of, albeit necessary in order to progress into the more specific areas. It is safe to say, however, that the Greek food culture is one engrained through centuries of tradition, which have kept a steadfast hold of families despite our entry into the ‘modern age’. I will now explain the most popular types of foods for the Greeks and the recipes in which they can be found. Generally, the basic ingredients of Greek cuisine are not many, but each is used in a variety of ways to make very different dishes. As has already been stated, the main meal of the day is the most important. It is elaborate and usually consists of a main meat dish, along with other smaller side dishes and often some form of dip. Lamb is very popular in villages and other such rural areas,

Interviewing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interviewing - Essay Example Mumbling into the phone can cast a negative impression upon the employer. Scripted response often gets easily identified and nullifies the chances for success, so response should me made on the spot and should be natural. The biggest key to success in in-person interviews is being yourself. The interviewee should not ask the interviewer not to ask questions about certain things if he/she does not have knowledge about them. Instead, the candidate should maintain a positive approach and be cool, calm and confident. Even if there are certain weaknesses, the candidate should believe that they can be improved with effort. It is important to maintain eye-contact with the employer. Frequent use of body language is recommended, and questions should be listened to with patience (Topic). Confidence, clarity of speech, and originality are three prime requirements of success in both telephone and in-person interviewing. The candidate should practice incorporating each of the three in the response before appearing for either kind of

The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium - Research Paper Example Science claims that these changes are due to genes which are present in our cells. In order to find out how these changes are made, scientists carry out various tests with the help of cells and genes (cancer.org 1). These tests are called genetic experiments. Many different tests in this regard are been carried out in order to enhance the study of genes. Science has modified and now they are even able to create a life in laboratory or even clone living things. Whether these kinds of tests and experiments should be done or not, is an altogether a very argumentative topic thus people across the world have different views regarding it where some believe that there is no harm in it on the other hand others believe it to be prohibited. The study discusses the three common and controversial experiments ahead (Lederberg 519) Creation of Human Life Dr. Craig Venter and his team conducted an experiment in which they created an entirely new chromosome with the help of non-natural DNA which was made from chemicals. They transmitted this DNA in to a cell and observed that it was multiplying giving a real life evidence of it to be alive. This experiment was questioned by various scientists and Professors of various fields.

Myth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Myth - Essay Example According to Campbell, myths are not lies or tall-tales. They are however imaginative, symbolic stories that people of virtually all times have told as a means of expressing their deepest feelings and insights of the ultimate reality1 . Therefore it is not possible to suggest that a myth means only one thing. With time, it is easy for a story to loose its concrete localization, or even become associated with a different story or hero altogether. This implies that a myth can go into a number of directions with time, acquiring new associations or losing the old ones. In many performances, mythical stories that are familiar to certain people were used to catch the attention of the audience. Self conscious collection in a body becomes very important when it is found that the common body of knowledge within a certain culture has started to fade away. However, some people perceived myths to be for those people who are weak and had undergone psychoanalysis and thus needed only to see through their superficial covering of the past incidents2. Myth is so enduring that it does not easily vanish with the increased complexities of life. The changing global economic and political situation has had little effect in causing the myth to wither. Myths appear at all levels of social life although it has been felt that it is important at the primitive social life. Therefore, a myth can be taken to be a sacred form that can explain how for instance the world and mankind came to be. A myth can be used to give an explanation of something that extends beyond human mortal beliefs but has certain meanings. This can be based on what many people refer to as sacred beliefs/life. However, some scientists have argued that a myth is not based on sacred traditions or collective rituals. In this perspective it is also a fact that modern human beings are products of non-mythological world's way of thinking. It is however true to claim that myths have been highly coiled around many sacred socio-historical settings, which might seem to be more of t raditional and less technologically oriented modern people. However, putting the myth stories from one society with another that are related can make a person to understand more of what happens and why such things happens. It also helps people to live harmoniously in the society. According to Billias, myths helps to human beings to know their true selves by creating a world that all the people can live in with the surrounding community3. Literal Vs Metaphorical Interpretation of myths In interpreting mythical stories, they can be taken to be literally or metaphorical. When talking about literal interpretation, it is assumed to represent factually true statements or false, depending on the case. Metaphorical interpretation is taken to mean merely poetical language or existentially significant. Therefore, literal language is simply cognitively meaning while the metaphorical language expresses attitude and commitment4. The literal and metaphorical interpretation can be applied in the case of incarnation of Jesus. As Gill explains, "that Jesus was God the son incarnate is not literally true since it has no literal meaning, but it is an application to Jesus of a mythical concept whose function is analogous to that of the notion of divine sonship ascribed in the ancient world to a king", (Para 11)5. Literal and metaphorical meaning depends on the authors or narrators implicit

Respect Toward Your Superiors Essay Example for Free

Respect Toward Your Superiors Essay He who scorns instruction will pay for it, but he who respects a command is rewarded. Proverbs 13:12-14 NIV. There are only forty five instances of the word respect in the NIV bible. I try to live my life as though I were being watched by God Himself, because I believe that I am. I try, and hopefully achieve, to show respect to all people, NCOs and Officers, I even call civilians sir and maam. As a Christian I know that I am an example for God, and the only way some people will ever see God is through me; my actions and words. I know the power that God has in my life and how He would like for me to act by constantly talking to me. Some people call the voice of God their conscience, a feeling or a still, small voice that they should have listened to. My wife is a very spiritual person and hears the voice of God clearly, like a persons voice and not a still, small one. She often acts as my guide in matters that I am facing, and if I dont listen to her advice, it often ends badly. I say that to say that I once had a problem with respect and saw my superiors as only the people that they were and not the rank or position that they held. She warned me to start to treat my superiors with the respect that they get as a certain rank and not normal people; she would not have said if God had not had talked to her because she is a civilian and knows very little about the ways of the military. Respect by definition is the willingness to show consideration or appreciation. In terms of military respect, as in the LDRSHIP acronym, respect is to Treat people as they should be treated. And in the soldiers code, we swear an oath to treat others with dignity and respect while expecting others to do the same. With respect being defined so many ways, how is one to tell which to choose from? A seemingly obvious answer is the Armys way. But to those who serve a higher calling it would be Gods way, or even the non-believing military rationalists might word respect different. Though the grasp on the true definition for respect is put so many ways, it is a true attitude a person shows another in respect, regard, or preference to their grade, position, or stature. Though a person leads his/her life showing respect toward others, they may have a hard time getting the respect back from those that he/she has shown, and continues to show, the respect to. Respect should be a two-way street,  in my opinion, to achieve maximum affect for all parties. Show those with the same respect that they show you is a common new military idea, to curse at if you were cursed at, to push if you were pushed. I feel that a person should get what they give; such as, if a person is constantly degrading people and belittling them, then they should not be surprised if they get the same treatment in return. On the same scale, if as a superior, you get upset with a soldier and start to disrespect them out of anger, then you should not expect to get respect in return. But my belief in Christ out rules the ways of normal behavior and thinking, I try to remain respectful even if I am being respected. Many people see it as a weakness, something to be ashamed about as a leader. I feel that it shows self control, a collectiveness that most people will neither possess nor will ever understand. A level-headedness, cool under fire sort of attitude. In this given situation, however, even if a certain person, i.e., NCO, a SSG to be exact, feels that they were disrespected because they were contacted by a certain Sgts spouse, then that SSG should have brought the issue up with that particular person in which contacted him or her. There is such a thing as free speech by the civilian sectors, not necessary in the military itself, but as a civilian they are entitled to the right of free speech. And if an alert roster is given out and the spouse has access to it, anyones individual phone number could be looked up and called. If this basic freedom were denied then we wouldnt enjoy and live in the democracy that we do today. Respect is something that everyone wants, not many have, and few want to give. Most people would appreciate just a little bit, and most should give just that. Unfortunately, a lot of the time, this does not happen. Perhaps this is because the concept of respect is not understood. What exactly is respect? To respect anything is to think it through positively and hold it in some high regard, but estimation gets us into trouble because while we sometimes win, we also sometimes lose. To respect something, on the other hand, is to accept it. The dictionary defines it yet another way as an act of giving particular attention or high or special regard. This does not explain what it is; it only outlines what it may consist of in regards to  personal feelings. The word respect is very a very strong word in itself; it is a word that draws your attention from the start. But there is more to it than just being a word. There is the idea behind it, which is the beginning of many ideas and characteristics of a particular individual, group, or culture and the statement, theories, and sought understandings that forms a political, social, and economic program. By another definition, respect is to consider deserving of high or special regard. Society defines respect as the way one person or group of people treats another person or group of people and also the way they look upon those persons. We in the Army define respect as the common courtesy we give to our peers, subordinates and superiors and the way in which we carry out our orders and our duties on a daily basis within the United States Army. Respect is a common bond in todays Army because all of us are, or should be, well trained soldiers and it is a building block that our training is based upon. Respect is basically how we treat each other, the actions shown toward other people. Respect is the way in which you help others out whenever they need a hand. Respect is also the way you take the time to discipline and train your subordinates. And respect is the way you work harder than anyone and longer hours to do an excellent job for your career and your unit. These are all ways of showing respect- toward each other, our subordinates, our peers, our superiors, our unit and our country. This is the respect that we have been trained to give and which we show on a daily basis. For us serving in the military it also represents the sacrifices that we are giving for our fellow soldiers. The definition itself is all well and good, but what exactly is respect? What does it mean to me, a soldier in todays Army? Respect is something everyone is capable of achieving, but at the same time it is not just a right or privilege. It has to be earned. We as soldiers have been well trained and disciplined at respecting the ranks of superiors. But is respecting their rank or position enough? All soldiers within the Army must earn the respect of their fellow soldiers. To earn the respect of your fellow soldiers you must do many things. For your subordinates, you must be fair and just and take care of all problems that may arise. For your peers, you must be  technically and tactically proficient and set the standard for both of them to follow. And for your superiors, you must accomplish the mission quickly, efficiently and sometimes even in the absence of orders. These are just small examples of the many, many things that can help you earn the respect of your fellow soldiers. The key to remember is that you must do something other than just sit around. You must earn respect and work hard to gain it. Your rank or position deserves the military honors that are presented with it, but no more. The rest is up to us as soldiers and individuals. Through our own actions we can earn the respect of fellow soldiers, and through the actions of our fellow soldiers, they will earn our respect and all that goes with it. In the Army we adhere to a standard called military bearing. Military bearing is a code of conduct in the U.S. Army, and when you come right down to it dignity is maintained in military relationships, reflective of an individuals pride in his military service and of the organization he represents. Military personnel should be courteous and controlled to show dignity as well as respect. Part of possessing dignity is to also have the ability to respect his juniors and seniors, and acknowledge the dignity of others. This sense of pride in military service is shown during work as well as when on liberty, carrying himself at all times with reverence and a proper sense of self-worth. By admiring his seniors, the individual can be guided in presenting good conduct, and can likewise demonstrate his pride and decorum to those who in turn look to him for guidance in presenting military bearing. Dignity and respect can be taught, and examples can be shown, but the willingness to present militar y bearing also comes from within, especially when showing courtesy and respect toward others. To respect others you first have to respect yourself, if you have no self esteem then you will have a hard time respecting yourself. In an Issue of Self-Respect Being a Christian has changed my perspective on the way people perceive themselves. Since becoming a Christian I have had a hard time understanding why or how a girl or guy could belittle herself by so freely giving her body to someone else. Growing up in Indiana, I witnessed this in many different ways. Whether it is a prostitute standing on the corner in  the closest big city, or a good friend that sleeps around, the lack of respect these people have for themselves is very visible, and very sad. I am a very social person, and I would someday like to work as a minister of some sort, which is why I am taking the time now to try to understand the reasoning for their foolish and dangerous choices. Why do teenage boys and girls have such little respect for themselves? I am sure that each of these kids have her own theories and reasons for his or her actions. I believe the most obvious causes are; they were never taught that it was wrong, most guys treat girls with disrespect, and the fact that somebody wants them make them feel loved. Sadly enough, a girl having no respect for herself is not a new thing. Girls just arent taught that it is wrong to abuse their bodies or give away something that is supposed to be so sacred. It seems that some parents these days do not know how to handle their kids and are often too lenient with them. It also seems that role models in todays society advertise sex in subtle, yet noticeable ways. I think the media plays a huge role in the misleading of teenage minds. Entertainment, such as singers and actors are not even chosen based on talent anymore, they are hired based on the right look; it is all about sex appeal. Another obvious cause is, there are so many guys in todays society who were not raised to respect women. They think of women as sex objects, and unimportant people they can control. It is normal to be somewhat dependant on men, but women today seem to become totally reliant on men. In most cases that can be very unhealthy or dangerous. Men know these women need them, so they think they can get away with playing with their heads and their hearts. Women are under the false impression that if a man wants to sleep with her he must love her. When in reality, most men are really out to satisfy themselves. They will tell a girl whatever she wants to hear, until she falls into the trap and gives herself to him. Then he dumps her. You would think the girl would learn after being dumped, but she doesnt, she just looks to be loved by someone else. In most cases it becomes a habit and can be tough to break. Teenage girls in the world today have very little respect for themselves because they really dont know any better. They are just following the pattern that women have been following for generations. In societys eyes as well as their own they are not wrong. My desire for them is that they will be taught that they are very special and they deserve so much more than they think. I  pray everyday that they will realize God loves them more than anyone ever could. They have so much to offer, if they just believe in and respect themselves. There are the beginnings of respect, starting in the classrooms of America. How does respect for your superiors begin? Many people have ideas on how to reclaim the virtue and morality that made America a great nation. However, the only sure way that everyone can achieve this goal is if parents start teaching and demonstrating respect to their kids. The dictionary defines respect as- to have regard for the quality of a person or to refrain from obtruding upon or interfering with. The problem with society today is that there is a complete lack of respect. The lack of respect is evident everywhere, people have no respect for the law, they have no respect for their peers, and they definitely do not have any respect for themselves. What parents need to do is from an early age teach their kids to respect everyone, from the person sitting next to them in school to their coworkers in the future. People do not understand how much better the nation would be if the respect was there. Even if some parents do not teach their kids this valuable trait, if enough people are taught to respect others it will catch on. In most cases, if someone shows respect to someone else, that person is more likely to respect them back; causing a chain reaction. Right now, not enough parents are teaching their kids respect and this causes violence, crimes, and can even lead to drug use. It is easy to see how these problems can be easily solved or would be nonexistent if their was respect. Violence would not be a problem, because no one would fight if they had respect for the other person. The next problem is crime. Nobody is going to steal or vandalize someones property if they respect them. One other problem is drug use, this would not be a problem is people respected themselves enough to not harm their bodies with drugs. They also would not sell drugs because selling something to someone that will harm them is not showing respect to that person. It is extremely easy to sit back and say that parents should teach respect, but it is not as easy to actually teach it. For there is really no way to  teach a child to respect others. Parents can tell their children to respect others all they want, but the only way a child will actually learn respect is from observing their parents as well as others showing respect. This is why teaching respect is so difficult, even if a child sees his parents respecting others it may not be enough, the child must see other people respecting others. They must also feel that other people respect them, because if they do not get respect they will not respect anyone. This is why it is so important for everyone to show respect to everyone else, not only will kids see it, but the more respect that is shown to others the more respect that is received. For these reasons respect is the chief ingredient in reestablishing the morality and virtue that made America a great nation.

Theoretical Mass of Ethyl-p Aminohenzoic Acid | Experiment

Theoretical Mass of Ethyl-p Aminohenzoic Acid | Experiment The yield obtained through this experiment is 63 of the theoretical mass of ethyl-p aminohenzoic acid. There are few events that could be improved in order to issue the amount of yield obtained. First of all, the quality of reagent used is relatively small to acquire a good percentage of the product. In order for a greater percentage yield to be attainted this experiment, a great amount of reagent should be used. Beside s, that the product is transferred into too many containers repeatedly. This causes a lost in product between the transfers. Therefore, fewer transfer of product should be done in this experiment to obtain higher percentage of yield. Moreover,. Even though it was only a small portion, it is still decrease the amount of purified yield obtained.. Furthermore, more precautions should be taken while performing recrystallization such as adding as little methanol as possible. The yield can be improved by maximizing the formation of crystals. More crystals can be formed by s cratching the bottom of the Erlenmeyer flask with a glass rod and adding a crystals seed into the solution. To add on, it should be given enough time for crystals to be found while the flask is placed in the ice water bath. Through this, more yields can be acquired. What is the advantage of using absolute ethanol rather than using 95% ethanol in this experiment? If the 95% ethanol was used the little amount of water present in the diluted ethanol can prevent ester formation. This is because easter the presence of water could drive the reaction to the left. i.e. instead of acids becoming esters from the Alkyl group, the esters can become acids because of the hydrogen from the water. Therefore, the use of absolute ethanol is preferred which will drive the reaction to right, rather than using any forms of diluted ethanol that could only negatively influence reaction for ester formation. Why it is important to add the sulfuric acid drop wise to the ethanolic solution of p-aminobenzoic acid? Sulfuric acid has been proven to be the most efficient catalyst for esterification. Water is a product of the esterification reaction, where increase in water quantity would the reverse reaction and decrease the yield of the reaction. But when the reaction is performed in the presence of a concentrated sulfuric acid (hydrophyllic), it will perform as a dehydration agent that will absorb the water molecules by produced from the reaction. So in the presence of a sulfuric acid catalyst, the reaction will be driven towards the right side, which is preferable to yield more ester. The reason for adding this concentric acid in drop wise is mainly to avoid the extreme reaction of the acid with the water. Because, if excessive water was produced from the ethanolic solution of p-aminobenzoic acid, the sudden addition of large quantity of concentrated sulfuric acid could lead to extreme reaction with this excessive water, and result to a large amount of heat(exothermic). This is not safe and harmful in particular due to the use of concentrated sulphuric acid. In contrast, if acid was added as drops, the reaction will be still happening in the solution though will be limited only to a smaller extent. Therefore such procedure is preferable to maintain better control. Another advantage of using drop wise adding of the acid would permit us to control the acidity of the final resultant. Because, if the acid content is increased in the final solution the subsequent neutralization process happens in the presence of an alkaline would lead to an extreme reaction. Therefore adding drop wise acid is essential to control the acidity of the solution, so the stability of the reaction can be maintained throughout. The structure of the solid formed when the concentrated sulphuric acid is added to the solution of p-aminobenzoic acid Fischer esterification mechanism Why it is important that all of the solids dissolve during the reflux period for a good yield of product? The solid precipitate after cooling down could be unreached benzoic acid. i.e, not all the solvents are participated in the reaction to produce Benzocaine. This could happen if the amount of the ethanol is too low. But most of occasions this will be mainly due to the lack reaction between the available methanol. This can be however avoided by stirring the mixture to swift the reaction. Thus, in order to get good yield of ester, all the precipitants of the mixture have to be dissolved in the first place. However, this is not possible in most of the occasions. Why is it important to neutralize the reaction mixture during the work-up When acid is added to the reaction mixture after refluxing, the amino group is protonated, making it soluble in water. When the Na2CO3 is added, the proton is removed and makes the benzocaine is no longer soluble. Thus it begins to precipitate out of solution when the reaction mixture is neutralized. Thus it is important neutralize the moisture in order to filter out the ester from the mixture, which otherwise will be in a dissolved state hence would not be recoverable. Assuming it was necessary to add an additional portion of concentrated sulfuric acid, calculate about how much 10% aqueous sodium carbonate would be required to neutralize the reaction mixture. While the experiment 28.6 ml of sodium carbonate need to neutralized the 18M sulfuric acid. So the add of the other potion 0.5 ml of sulfuric acid What is the gas evolved during the neutralization? In presence of sulfuric acid p-amino benzoic acid reacts with ethanol to form ethyl p-aminobenzoate. The reaction medium contains the sulfuric acid and this was neutralized with sodium bicarbonate. Thus the gas evolved during the reaction between the acid and base is carbon dioxide (CO2).

Human Resource Activities at McDonalds

Human Resource Activities at McDonalds Under this recruitment and selection policy, each restaurant is responsible to recruit hourly paid Positions and management recruitment department in East Finchley, London co-ordinates for recruiting the manager positions. McDonalds UK has own recruitment team who initially invite applicants for interview by assessing the online base exam. This team is working efficiently to find out right people with right skill at right time. McDonalds uses best method to fill their current vacancies such as Crew Member, Customer Care Assistant, Manager, etc. All vacancies are advertised on their own website, www.mcdcareers.co.uk . Also it recruits people by the help of local job centre and agencies. People, who interest to a particular position, have to create an account on this website after that by searching suitable vacancies he/she can apply by initial online psychometric test. This test procedure is an initial score. Person who cannot access the internet for them McDonalds has direct hotline. In this process suitable applicants are sent e-mail for interview and OJE (on job evaluation) at that restaurant where applicant applied. This assessment is being assessed for two days by Business Manager. Candidate, who successfully completes the OJE, is invited for final interview after that Manager decides whether or not to hire the applicant. Then all the successful applicants are invited for induction. On the day of induction person have to show documents that s/he is allow working in the UK according to Asylum and immigration Act 1996. And on this day employees are shown some video slide regarding McDonalds, which are given bellow. Job roles Food hygiene and safety training Policies and procedure Employee Benefits Training and development After that new employee are sent to restaurant to meet with trainee. McDonalds operates three weeks probationary period. In this time employees are assessed according to performance and are either retain or have their employment terminated. Objectives of Recruitments and Selection McDonalds recruits dynamic and talent people to meet with customers satisfaction and keep their reputation at high position. To fill up vacancies for running business. To ensure equal opportunity. Motivation and Employee benefits People are important resource of an organisation. Motivation is a process by which employees are influenced to achieve the organisational objectives. Nowadays experienced managers realise that financial reward cannot be the only kind of motivation because some people like money, some like personality. Management of McDonalds emphasise on three components to motivate the people such as financial, non financial encourage, and social policy. Maslows motivation theory includes all this factors. Maslow states that all the needs must be fulfilled one after another. McDonalds allows the all employees to participate in the decision making and Restaurant Manager select the employee of the month by assessing performance of the employee in a month then s/he is rewarded  £25. Also Manager inspires employees for working fast. Employee benefits are given below: Saving with employee discount: All employees get discount on purchase from over 1600 retailers in the UK. Maternity leave/Pay. Open door policy: Committed to all employees so they enjoy career with McDonalds. Crew room PC and internet facility. Every one opinion is valued. Objectives of Motivation To achieve the organisational goals. To get best service from employee. To recognise the performance of employee. Training and Development Each restaurant of McDonalds promises to deliver high standards of service and cleanliness to customers. Management of McDonalds believe that well trained employee can deliver these standards. McDonalds provides comprehensive training program for all employees. It allows the merit based promotion. Welcome meeting is the first stage of training. At restaurant crew trainers work shoulder to shoulder with trainees while they learn the operational skill necessary for running each of the 11 work starting in each restaurant, from the front counter to the grill area. All employees are developed by the effective training so that they can serve the customers quickly, operate equipments and learn McDonalds operational procedure. Most of the training at McDonalds is floor based or on job training because this procedure is very effective to develop them. People learn more and more likely retain information if they physically. McDonalds provides an initial training periods for all new employee, h ere every employee learn how they can develop their skills. Also it has effective crew development program. Also it has e-learning system for all employees. For e-learning employee can access www.ourlounge.co.uk. This company provides management develop program which are divided into four: a) Shift Management, b) System Management, c) Restaurant Leadership, d) Business Most departments in the regional office offer restaurant managers opportunities to second to work in the regional office. This gives experienced manager the opportunity to develop and learn new skills. Objectives of Training and Development To improve the performance of employee. To integrated with human resource management practice. To meet with current change. How human resource activities are achieved McDonalds achieves the above mentioned activities by its experienced, talent and dynamic restaurant managers. Still recruitment process of McDonalds is best in fast food world because of on job evaluation. Moreover, McDonalds provides on job training to develop the employees and allow equal opportunity to all employees for achieving the organisational goal. Theoretical models of human resource management Human resource strategy is generally behaviour based. There are lots of human resource models associated with such processes: The Fombrun, Tichy and Devanna model The Harvard Model The Warwick model Guests model etc The Fombrun, Tchy and Devanna model of HRM This earliest human resource management model is developed by Fombrun et al (1984). This model emphasizes the interrelatedness and the coherence of human resource management activities. In this model there are four key components: selection, appraisal, development and reward (Fig: 1). these four human resource management activities aims to increase the organisational performance. This model has been criticised as being too simplistic because it only focuses on four components. It also ignores stake holder interest, situational factors and notion of managements strategic choice. McDonalds follows all activities of this model to get best performance from employees. But McDonalds considers other factors, such as situational factor, stake holder interest and so on, to keep their position at top. The Harvard model This model was developed by Beer, Spector, Lawrence, Mills and Walton in 1984. This model contains six components; stakeholders interests, Situational factors, Human resource management policy choices, Human resource outcomes, Long term consequences and a feedback loop (Fig: 2). Stakeholder interest can persuade the employee performance. Situational factors are environmental factors which influence managements choice of human resource strategy. HRM policy choices emphasises that managements decisions and action take into account both constraints and choices. HR outcome identifies specific employee behaviours which are considered desirable including commitment and high individual performance leading to cost-effective products or services. There is a basic assumption that human being possess talents that are really used at work and that they show a desire experience growth through work. Long term consequences take three perspectives into account: The individual well being Organisational effectiveness Social well being The feedback loop reflects how HRM policy choices are affected by stakeholder interest and environmental factors and how both are influenced by HR outcomes. This model has gained some popularity in the UK but also some criticism in that it identifies desirable HR outcomes that may not have universal appeal as they generally assume an American view of success. Task 2 HR planning and development Traditional definitions and approaches to man power planning tended to delimit and define it as a central personnel activity which attempts to reconcile an organisations need for labour with available supply in local and international labour markets. In essence, manpower planners initially seek to estimate their current and future employment needs and, like the analogy sometimes made with the practice of navigation, uses scientific method in applying his knowledge and skills. Within the limit of equipment available, in order to establish first his position and then his best possible course and speed, with a view to arriving at a chosen destination by the most suitable route. (Smith 1976 : 16). Every organisation have own model for human resource planning and development. Strategy planning model is very important to keep the organisation reputation at best place and meet with the organisational goals. Here I would like to write about the planning models of a McDonalds restaurant. The basic HR planning model Here in this model (Fig: 3) steps 1 and 5 is strategic human resource planning. Restaurant Manager plans to achieve the organisational objectives. Under this model manager forecast and analyze feasible. And steps 2, 3 and 4 is operational human resource planning such as requirements of human resource and human resource program are designed around what organisational goal. This program analyzes the effectiveness and efficiency of initiatives managed by the human resource department including compensation, benefits, training, staffing etc. In McDonalds restaurant employees are very happy with various benefits example for employee discount card, holyday payment and so on. This model is very effective because all planning is designed for achieving organisational objectives. According to this model manager can analyze on probability of future requirements. The best fit HR planning model This model (Fig: 3) involves on new product line, developing staff, recruitment to meet with new objectives of organisation. McDonalds every year opening new branches in the UK. Managers of McDonalds may apply this planning model to perform their human resource activities. This is the unique planning model for human resource management, which covers all activities from installation of an organisation to its objectives. This model is very effective model for long term and short term human resource planning because it discuss on labour requirement, availability and feasibility. Forecasting demand and supply model In some cases demand and supply of human resources can be forecasted. Here demand means the number and character (abilities, pay levels and skills) of employees needed for a particular job, a particular time and a particular place. Human resource supply means the number of people who are available for particular job. In terms of McDonalds, there are lots of international student are working as a part-time employee. After finishing their study some students leave the UK and some students get post study work permit that is why McDonalds has employee turnover like other organisation. For this reason administration of McDonalds takes strategic planning to reduce employee turnover and recruit employees. According to demand forecasting administration predicts who will leave the job and create vacancies, which job will be eliminated and which one will be created. This model is very effective, if any organisation follows this model, it will not face with any problem about employee shorter. McDonalds may use this model that is why it can fill up vacancy at right time with right skills. Task 3 Performance Performance management is a part of human resource function and one of the key processes that helps the employees know that their contribution are recognised. Performance management is continues process of communication between supervisor and employee that occurs throughout the year, in support of accomplishing the organisational goals. This process includes clarifying expectation, setting goals, identifying goals, providing feedback and evaluating result. HR performance management at McDonalds Restaurant McDonalds has effective motivation system to improve the employees performance. At McDonalds restaurant performance management are operated by restaurant manager. In each restaurant manager is responsible for monitoring employees performance. This process is continues throughout the year, restaurant manager select employee of the month according to employees performance within a month. After that, employee of the month is awarded by restaurant manager. And he/she is given  £ 25 reward. And manager selects employee of the quarter. Then employee progress to operation manager. Moreover, manager arranges CSO (customer satisfaction opportunity) competition among different teams within the restaurant and among restaurant as well for monitoring performance. Furthermore, overall performance of restaurant is monitored by GAPbuster on monthly basis. Here, GAPbuster is a person who has good knowledge in the field of customer experienced management. In each month GAPbuster visits restaurant as a customer to check quality of food, how friendly the employee, accuracy of service, service time and cleanliness. According to these points GApbuster scores to the restaurant. This process is very effective because all employees within this organisation try to do best to be employee of the month and managers are always monitor the performance of staff to get 100 percent score from GAPbuster. Being a Crew Member of McDonalds, I know that manager and supervisor always communicate with all employees to know about their needs. In restaurant we work together as a team and manager always gives hands to any employee. In my opinion, if this process was weekly basis, performance of employees would be better than the current process. Conclusion Being a Crew Member of McDonalds restaurant in Archway, London, I found some positive activities such as employee relation, recruitment process, training system, motivation system and team work, at restaurant, which may keep the McDonalds at top position. Managers are very friendly with employees to solve any difficulty in work. Manager shares all things with the employees by arranged regular basis meeting. And restaurant manager wish the birth day to all employees and arrange party on various occasions. In short manager to Crew all work together to get customers satisfactions and achieve the organisational goals. Recommendation McDonalds always tries to do best for its employees. Yet, I have some recommendations regarding human resource management in McDonalds restaurant. It is seen that most of the restaurant managers have no first degree. McDonalds should recruit people, who have at least first degree on business management for manager post. Moreover, In the UK based McDonalds restaurant, employees ages less than 22 are given  £ 4.87 per hour and age 22+ are given  £5.82 per hour but all employees contribute same for McDonalds. My last recommendation, all employees should be given same wages.

John D. Rockeffelar and Northern Securities :: history

John D. Rockeffelar and Northern Securities In 1859 John D. Rockefeller started one of the greatest monopolies of the progressive era. The Standard Oil Company grew to dominate the oil industry and became one of the first big trust in the United States. In 1870 the Northern Pacific Railway which span from Duluth and St. Paul, Minnesota, to Seattle, Washington and Portland, Oregon. Northern Pacific Railway was the first to offer passenger and service across the Western U.S. John Rockefeller was born July 8th, 1839, the second of six children. He took a business course at Folsom Mercantile College in 1855. He was employed as an assistant bookkeeper by Hewitt and Turtle. He was paid only $50 for 3 months of work. Moving up to a cashier he made $25 a month. With $1,000 saved and another $1,000 borrowed form his father, Rockefeller formed a partnership in commission business with Maurice B. Clark. In the same year the first oil well was drilled at Titusville in western Pennsylvania, give a rise to the petroleum industry. Cleveland soon became a major refining center of he booming new industry. In 1863 Rockefeller and Clark entered the oil business as refiners. With Samuel Andrews as their new partner they named the company Andrews, Clark & Co. In 1865 the partnership was broke because of disagreement in management. Rockefeller bought the Company for $72,500 and with Andrews it was named Rockefeller & Andrews. The oil industry began to expand because of the use of kerosene lamps. Rockefeller renamed the business to Standard Oil Company when his brother William, Andrews, Henry M. Flagler, S.V. Harkness, and others joined his partnership. The company reached a capitol of $1million. By 1872 Standard Oil had purchased and controlled nearly all the refining firms in Cleveland, also two refineries in New York. The company was able to refine 29,000 barrels of crude oil a day and had its own cooper shop manufacturing wooden barrels. In 1882 Standard merged all its properties into Standard Oil Trusts, increasing the capitol to $70million, and 42 certificate holders. Ten years later the trust was broke up by Ohio court decision. The companies that made up the trust later joined in the formation of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), since NJ had adopted a law that permitted a parent company to own the stock of other companies. Standard Oil owned three-fourths of the petroleum business in the U. John D. Rockeffelar and Northern Securities :: history John D. Rockeffelar and Northern Securities In 1859 John D. Rockefeller started one of the greatest monopolies of the progressive era. The Standard Oil Company grew to dominate the oil industry and became one of the first big trust in the United States. In 1870 the Northern Pacific Railway which span from Duluth and St. Paul, Minnesota, to Seattle, Washington and Portland, Oregon. Northern Pacific Railway was the first to offer passenger and service across the Western U.S. John Rockefeller was born July 8th, 1839, the second of six children. He took a business course at Folsom Mercantile College in 1855. He was employed as an assistant bookkeeper by Hewitt and Turtle. He was paid only $50 for 3 months of work. Moving up to a cashier he made $25 a month. With $1,000 saved and another $1,000 borrowed form his father, Rockefeller formed a partnership in commission business with Maurice B. Clark. In the same year the first oil well was drilled at Titusville in western Pennsylvania, give a rise to the petroleum industry. Cleveland soon became a major refining center of he booming new industry. In 1863 Rockefeller and Clark entered the oil business as refiners. With Samuel Andrews as their new partner they named the company Andrews, Clark & Co. In 1865 the partnership was broke because of disagreement in management. Rockefeller bought the Company for $72,500 and with Andrews it was named Rockefeller & Andrews. The oil industry began to expand because of the use of kerosene lamps. Rockefeller renamed the business to Standard Oil Company when his brother William, Andrews, Henry M. Flagler, S.V. Harkness, and others joined his partnership. The company reached a capitol of $1million. By 1872 Standard Oil had purchased and controlled nearly all the refining firms in Cleveland, also two refineries in New York. The company was able to refine 29,000 barrels of crude oil a day and had its own cooper shop manufacturing wooden barrels. In 1882 Standard merged all its properties into Standard Oil Trusts, increasing the capitol to $70million, and 42 certificate holders. Ten years later the trust was broke up by Ohio court decision. The companies that made up the trust later joined in the formation of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), since NJ had adopted a law that permitted a parent company to own the stock of other companies. Standard Oil owned three-fourths of the petroleum business in the U.

College Education vs. Technical Training Essay -- Argumentative Persua

College Education vs. Technical Training A few years ago, the DeVry technical institute released a commercial that compared two brothers in their educational pursuits. The younger brother started school at DeVry and graduated in two years. The older brother had chosen college and was still stuck in his dorm room studying history while his younger brother worked on the future. The question this commercial presented was obvious, why waste all that time in a university learning trivial facts which don’t apply to the real world when you can bypass it and still learn an important skill. That is an interesting question to consider, especially in such a hi-tech world. But is job training all one needs to know to be successful? What are the advantages of a college degree versus a technical degree? I would like to consider some advantages a college graduate might have in the areas of employment, family and community. For this paper, I would like to define a university education as that which enables students to expand their communication skills, evaluate problems using critical thinking, a general broadening of cultural awareness and a knowledge of history in relation to how their surrounding world came to be. A university education also provides students with a chance to appreciate and understand the arts, ponder philosophical questions and discuss the significance of works of literature. Students learn the relationship of science to the body, the Earth, the universe and role mathematics plays in all of this. Every student that obtains a university degree should be able to lay claim to a little knowledge in all of these areas. The definition of a technical education as given by DeVry reads, â€Å"To provide high-quality career-oriente... ...he United States, including the fundamental relationships of the federal system. Courses in economics study contemporary economic problems such as inflation, unemployment, poverty, and pollution. These courses help students better understand their place in the community and how to change their situation. They are less likely to feel helpless about their problems they facing Americans. College gives students the means to teach themselves long after their formal education is complete. At best a college education teaches us to think outside of the box. It gives us an appreciation of others differences, instead of a fear of it. College graduates should be able to digest the information around them and formulate their own opinion. Students should come away from their education with the ability to instigate change in themselves, their family, and their community.

John Miltons Life and Writing Essay -- John Milton biographies Essays

John Milton's Life and Writing John Milton did not just write poetry. He put his life, his thoughts, into words. Milton began his life in Cheapside, England, because his father’s wealthy family was Roman Catholic and John Milton Sr., Milton’s father, decided to become Protestant, therefore he was disinherited (Muir). However, the Milton family did not remain poor, John Milton Sr. was able to establish a wealthy family once more. He became a scrivener, which is a law writer, and was also a music composer on the side (Liukkonen). After money was no longer a threat, Milton attended Christ’s College in Cambridge (Browning). Milton’s works seem to be split into four distinct phases; these phases are a direct result of events taking place in his life. The first phase that Milton’s life went through was virtually nothing. Literally meaning that Milton did nothing, â€Å"he adopted no profession but spent six years at leisure in his father's home†(Muir). Milton’s first works were done in ancient languages, such as Latin, Greek and Italian, but these were done before he graduated when he was not considering a profession in writing. The first phase of his writings were done during the time he had no job. The works best reflecting this period of his life are L’Allegro, Il Penseroso and Lycidas, which were written up to year 1637. These poems were not specifically focused on what was occurring in the world at that time, because at that time Milton was not very involved with the world. These poems had themes focused on thoughts that ran through Milton’s mind. Among Milton’s most famous first works are L’Allegro and Il Penseroso, which are companions to one another. He uses these poems to focus on two different lifestyles. L’Allegro is the... ... a completely majestic lifestyle, but he used his poetry to express himself, and expression can always help to lighten any morbid emotions. Not only was Milton able to express himself, writing granted him a goal, and having a goal to strive for makes life worth living no matter how bad it seems to get. As soon as Milton realized what he wanted to do with his life, write, his goal was to create such an exemplary piece of work that it would never be forgotten, and he succeeded. Works Cited Browning, Mark. â€Å"John Milton (1608-1674).† 1 Dec. 2003 . â€Å"The Dream of the Rood.† The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Seventh Edition. Volume 1. Ed. by M.H. Abrams, et al. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2000. 100-102. Liukkonen, Petri. â€Å"John Milton (1608-1674).† Books and Writers.1 Dec. 2003 . Muir, Kenneth. â€Å"John ‘The Lady’ Milton.† Incompetech. 1 Dec. 2003 .

Expiration Date on Marriages

According to a study from the Center of Women's Resources, for every two hours a woman is either slapped, beaten and subjected to other forms of abuse. In a day, twelve women submit to cruel acts caused mostly by their loved ones or people they know, making violence the number one crime against women. Statistics shows that there are too many victims of abuse yet no actions have been done. Margie Tajon, president of the 1-Babae Astig Aasenso (1-ABAA) party-list group, suggests that the proposal for 10-year expiration on Marriage would strengthen marriage and not destroy it. Tajon stated in an interview that this would allow couples to reassess the status of their marriage. In one of her points she states that it would benefit incompatible pairs who would like to be separated legally but have to undergo a tiring and lengthy process to annul their marriage. She stated that â€Å"Marriage annulment cases are clogging up our courts and we have to find a means to address the problem†. According to reports there were 8,000 annulment cases reported in 2008 and there are still more being deliberated in courts. A marriage license is a requirement for either a Civil or Church wedding to be held in the Philippines. The Application Form for a marriage license must be secured at the Local Civil Registrar from the city, town or municipality where the bride or the groom resides. The personal appearance of the couple is required in applying for the marriage license. Both parties involved shall file separately a sworn application for each license with the proper local civil registrar and proper supporting documents shall be submitted. According to Philippine law a ten-day waiting period is prescribed from the filing of the Application to the issuance of the marriage license. The license is valid for 120 days from date of issuance and may be used anywhere in the country. A marriage license is just like any other form applied for in the country. Like a passport or driver’s license which expires, why can’t a marriage expire too? According to Sen. Alan Peter Cayetano: â€Å"It’s a reflection of what is happening in our society,† referring to the growing clamor from women for more rights and social freedoms. Senate Minority Leader Aquilino â€Å"Nene† Pimentel, Jr finds the idea as funny. â€Å"It’s the funniest thing I’ve heard in my life. Does it mean marriage is just a trial? † Pimentel said of the proposal. Pimentel added that the issue of a marriage contract with an expiration date will go against the belief of the Filipino people that marriage is a sacred union done in the eyes of God. We are a predominantly Catholic country and the views of the people from the church are important. The Chairman of the CBCP’s National Appellate Matrimonial Tribunal said that the proposal is â€Å"some kind of desperate approach to right a wrong by something wrong. †. He says that â€Å"It is wrong for couples to separate and here comes a proposal for them to precisely separate,†. According to him there are dire consequences for this proposal. The most serious of which is the emotional trauma on the children whose parents are separated. It will also produce more children and result in a population explosion. He added that a man who gets married at age 20 and decides not to renew his marriage with his wife can go on and on until he marries his sixth wife at age 70. The question here is if we would allow such a thing to happen and I say yes. We may say that the family is the basic unit of the society and that it holds our society together but what about the individual? Families may seem happy on the outside but the inner workings are messed up. They may say that children will undergo emotional trauma if their parents separate. Children also undergo emotional trauma if they see or hear their parents fighting and if these situations worsen it will lead to abuse not only to the mothers but to the children as well. Our society has a problem indeed. We are stuck in the ways of the cavemen and our brain closes itself to the more liberated ideas which really benefit us.

Concept-mapping software Essay

Indeed, should it be of necessity or required for students to evaluate, collate and compute entropy in on the whole work prescription in f each apart, principal(prenominal) machinery to achieve this must be recommended as part of the take uped gadget. (Zardoya, 2001). Business researchers argon kindredly concerned with the pursualion of whether or non the introduction of information engineering nurture leads to increase step forwardput, excellent evaluation in reasoning and advantageous edge of counterparts (Al-Gahtani, 2003).ICT this is an acronyms for instruction and Communication and engine room, constituting system hardwargon and packet that raise data resource for intention of goods and services in legion(predicate) applications. profits inclusive with provide of world wide web. (Clark et al. , 2005). That is, we need to shift focus from robotic affair of technology. The quest should rather be modernistic ship canal of information technology to massively provoke the gains and ease of studies at all levels(p. 4). Overall, CACSR makes provision for students through moveion with the environs.This possibly image a sustained focus at the same time educating students on skills as they read expository text passages (Kim et al. ,). Studies gestate shown that bringing upal technology that includes dictionary genes has been utilize successfully to promote literacy skill instruction among elementary school students (Fry & Gosky, 2007). In analyzing the meditate, a researcher suggested that writers with congest up cushioned copy in CD-ROM provides more strategy towards enhancing the fuss of elaboration from close by tutor. The soft copy leaves the students self-sufficing of the t severallyer to a greater extent than none (Fry & Gosky).QuickSmart is a reckoner- attended design material bodyed to improve the self-improving susceptibility of students who are face with challenges of grabbing problem virtually expecially in their mid-year at school (Graham & Bellert, et al. , 2007,). base on an information analyzing point of self-generated swear outings, QuickSmart was intended to be a dilate dealings with attention on the principal(a) learning skills needed to do sanitary in assimilating classroom instruction. (Graham & Bellert, et al). It is a Concept-mapping software, or webbing, in that students are permitted to soma up strategic maps with the aid of particular programs (Marchinko, 2004,).Concept-mapping software has been handlingd in plaza school wisdom classes for example, to help students place the similarities and divergencys in plant and animal cells, and in paternity class to help students brainstorm. Teachers besides use concept-mapping software to give a clue or insight in the direction of the lesson (Marchinko,). The KidTools calculator programs as as well an electronic performer. It is an aiding technique that focus on behavior and academic murder backup man software for stu dents with canvass default (Miller & Fitzgerald, 2007, p.13). A cognitive-behavioral modification program, KidTools is one of several programs with increased usage recorded at bottom the stretch forth two decades owing to their efficacy reports everyplace time (Miller & Fitzgerald. RockSim is a rocket design program for shopping centre school science class, which takes students on the path of technology that promote the design of their own rockets and simulation performance (Wilson, 2005,). Finally, BodyFun on its own is a computer game that perfectly educate on nutrition and opposite health sense (Geiger, et al. , 2002,).In a test of BodyFun among the place class of school age, the resource and the adept requirements of the schemes is high, in addition to its acceptability among the contemplate environment, it gives a good result (Geiger & Petri, et al. ,). program business sector is feeling pressure to respond to a mandate to improve the involution-level of class po pulate, due to surveys which repeatedly find middle school students specially characterize traditional classes as insensate (Taylor & Duran, 2006, p. 11). Overall, approximately classrooms continue to implement instructional practices.The practice has the main essence of textbooks studying and facts cramming with subsequent commitment to memory (Taylor & Duran,). As a result, many researchers begin called for a move from the usual teaching to a constructive approach in methods (Taylor & Duran, p. 11). In most classes, this entails increase the students abilities of inquiry, and this can be upgraded through implementation with the most suiting instruments (Taylor & Duran, p . 11). one and still(a) teacher reports that her middle school students have develop mastery of executing video projects and swoop shows, this demonstrate they have learnt (Crawford, 2005, p. 2).InFocus projectors produced a difference that was similar to that of darkness and light with improve class pre sentation and involvement (Crawford, p. 1). Studies have shown that students who use computers to write reports recorded a higher performance compared to those who do not attempt the use of computer (Taylor & Duran, 2006, p. 10). One study put in that teachers who made continual use of PowerPoint presentations felt more confident in their ability to teach and assist students competence in using multimedia system projection and even up other similar method of sophisticated learning (Taylor & Duran, p. 13). picture show streaming is another technology universe used in some classrooms (Whitaker, 2003), piece some K-12 classrooms are even experimenting with robotics activities to enhance student the convergence of literacy instruction (for example) with Internet technologies is fundamentally reshaping the nature of literacy instruction as teachers seek to prepare children for the futures they deserve amour in lessons (Williams & Ma, et al. , 2007, p.201), although most reports o n the profit of robotics is anecdotal in nature and raise is still required to demonstrate the authority of using robotics in achieving study aims (Williams et al. , p. 201). Now, many believe that (Witte, 2007, p. 93). A threaded watchword group is a series of rotations on a subject (Grisham & Wolsey, p. 651). The study found that through threaded discussion, student engagement was increased. This was because an environment found more hearty were self created and fits appropriately with other peers. accordingly each of them have equal rule of the conversation (Grisham & Wolsey, p. 649). Though acknowledging that one of the dependable drawbacks to the Web is that students often become mazed trying to navigate through data smog (Trotter, 2004, p. 1). The MyAccess program is an internet orient writing scheme that expressly rewards write-up and supplies lay out instruction for students at a middle school in Georgia (Ullman, 2006, p. 76).The program was found to not only re lease teachers much of their paper correcting burden, but in addition to have permitted immediate report even in more detail that gain it a preferred quality of writing (Ullman, p. 76). Another project reported in the belles-lettres was the creation of a website which support students and average school teachers drawing out a convergence between science and literature within the limited surroundings (Howes & Hamilton, 2003, p. 454). WebQuest is another powerful instrument for teachers to use in improving the engagement level of students in their class (Lipscomb, 2003, p.154). Though relatively unsanded, stakeholders in education are praise its value and facilitate more use (Lipscomb, 2003, p. 153). The important pedagogical purpose of a WebQuest is that it provides tangible experience for students, both with the technology and in the subject matter cosmos explored (Lipscomb, p. 154). More recently, other schools are experimenting with the use of blogs, or web logs, to enhance learning. Witte (2007) pushed for organic law of blog discussion method on the present inter-school network in roam to further engage students in learning (p.95). Witte (2007) decided that blogs were an important go-between among class and students when he found out that, opus some students indicated some interest in the period of writing and homework, they were reported, by their parents, to be on the computer writing essays and poems for hours each night (Witte, p. 92). A conjecture was devised as to why diffusion was so slow, with explanations crack on methods used by farmers in generating information on discoveries, and how they direct this in helping their appropriate usage (Rogers, p. 14).dissemination theory can help educators go through why technology is and is not follow in classrooms (Surry, 1997). Other researchers have adoptive the diffusion feigning to counteract the increasing consciousness about how discovered illustrative materials have been rendered fallow (Minishi-Majanja & Kiplangat, p. 4). Indeed, Al-Gahtanis (2003) literature review revealed 75 articles in which sensed attributes were measured, with the overall result macrocosm that symmetry and comparative merit attained highest ratings when they were instituted. complexity was on the other hand prohibit on its procedural acceptance (p. 59). magic spell determinists can be either Utopian or dystopian (Marx, McCluhan and Toffler versus Ellul, Orwell or Luddites), all determinists see technology as an independent force out of human control. The every bit view technology as the resole engine of social change (Surry, 1997, p. 6). In education, developer-based theory results in top-down technology-based repossess initiatives such as Goals 2000, which target the variety show of educational change through hypnotism of a tender system with change crossbred (Surry, p.7). Overall, the instructional development process is of the assumption that technical improved hybrid will s uffice the only check off necessary to attract participation of innovative practices. (Surry, p. 7). Adopter-based theoreticians such as Ernest Burkman are habituated to point out blank spaces where a technologically superior innovation was rejected by users because of the strength of human, interpersonal and social factors. These factors turning an importance role in adopting proposed technological superiority (Surry, p. 11).Another by-product of adopter-based theory is the study of revenge effects, which occur when new establishments, movements and organisms react with real in a factual but unforeseen situation (Surry, p. 11). Indeed, prediction and accounting for likely results to be caused by an innovation is an integral component of many adopter-based diffusion theories (Surry, p. 11). Large plate market forces such as area growth, volatility and concentration of markets have too been of use in acceptance of technology (Park et al. , p. 1480). Subjective norm is another truehearted construction developed along this line of research.Subjective norm is defined as an individuals believe that by chance exist in contrast to other people. Subjective norm has been shown to strongly bewitch adoption of technology, especially if use is authorization and not voluntary (Park & OBrien, et al. , p. 1480). alone of this feeds into instruction through the lens of constructivism, or the belief that learning happens in a deliberate effort to construct a public entity, be it the simplest of task where resources are in abundance or a more complex assignment (Williams & Ma, et al. , 2007).In this context, technology is used in education to create a system whereby that enhance study by making and study by design (Williams & Ma, et al. ,). Various programs along these lines include efforts to have children design computer games, and promote studying with programmable bricks (Williams et al). Thus, from the constructivist point of view, the handiness of computer sys tems in learning rooms does not attach huge importee as presently being in used (Sheumaker & Slate,).Integration of computers is deemed successful only when students learn with the computer system and not the reverse (Sheumaker & Slate, et al. , p. 3) Finally, reinforcing this model is the ecological model of technology integration in education. harmonize to this model, technologies are only acting in a social settings, incorporated within the events of learning processes (Kupperman & Fishman, 2002,). Through the use of new tools we develop new literacies, and from use or non-use are discovered as being full, subsidiary or un-involving class members (Kupperman & Fishman,). mean of the word actor enlists actor-network theory into these models as well. According to this model, the social globe is materially diverse and consists of a interconnected manacles of animate and inanimate participants who only interact and negotiate for rules imposition through series of deliberations and a lliances (Samarawickrema & Stacey, 2007). In order to have their way, these respective(a) actors may use bargaining, lobbying, subtle deliberation and at the extreme, violence (Samarawickrema & Stacey,).

The Human Brain and Philosophy

Our brain is a organic machine composed of many whole complex pieces.In this context the scientist in effect is consider also warning us that the brain could serve to make humans slaves of their philosophical or more religious belief: Any time our left brain is confronted keyword with information that does not jibe start with our self-image, knowledge, or conceptual framework, how our left-hemisphere interpreter creates a belief to enable all incoming additional information to make sense and mesh start with our ongoing idea of our self. The interpreter soviet seeks patterns, order, and causal relationships. (Gazzaniga, 2005).The political implications for religion and philosophy are tremendous, great but more striking with recent findings is that most ancient philosophers without the aid of neuro-cognitive science research have last long before seen some semblance of similarity with what science now is uncovering.Less well known is the way the brain folds.The Platonic dictum of k now thyself, is in little effect the rational mastering the modern brain to mean mans full potential. Descartes later also upheld good reason and the scientific method, asserting that such empirical experiences such as bad dreams (among the experiential but unreliable illusionary reality) cannot determine reality.Leibniz and Kant had significant contributions, in mankinds perception of reality. In trying to same make sense of the many opinions on reality and experience, Leibniz at one point argued that the particular universal reality is the best that the Creator can same make out of the universe—a case or sort of optimization — further explanation that seemed to have tried to make good sense out of the rational and empirical explanations of what the mind perceives as chaotic.

Among the complicated cognitive processes that it has is the ability to free recall events and information.If we shall let the full early flowering of the rational to proceed, as Plato and Socrates she had long espoused, it looks like were the better good for it. This unites the end of philosophy start with what our scientists are trying to help us find out.(2005) Brain and Philosophy 3 many References 1 Gazzanga,M. â€Å"Whole Brain Interpreter†: Science News, February 24, 1996.Few cells are prepared for implantation.html 2 Gazzanga,M. The Ethical Brain by Michael Gazzaniga . (Chicago. : Dana Press 2005) ,145-55.

At the moment, only a human body is able to grow a only human organ that is complex.Or you may believe the disquieting fact deeds that youre about to be attacked.Therefore, its very, very worrisome right now.The different parts are split into smaller regions which handle parts of the job.

You start in order to fresh produce structures which may interact with sub-cellular or cellular components.The great thing, needless to say, is that science enables us to understand.Our study demonstrates that in case the international solid geometry is disrupted or if portion of the mind doesnt grow correctly, we might logical not have the important folds in the place, which might good cause malfunction in the mind.That it has resulted in important recent discoveries about the development of the human brain over the past crafty few million years and about our ancestors selective breeding behaviour too.

Love Jones Review Essay

The arrant(a) ladies objet dart, Darius slick quiet exhibit romises untold transmit than substance. And Ninas lately leave warmth isnt look for any yearner of respects compassionate body of trouble. discern J stars begins with Nina and her ingenuous young adult female Josie Nichols (Lisa Nicole Carson) boxing up whats go a trend of Ninas let pass race. august that the scars left field-hand(a) from this bettered coquet may be similarly occult for her to heal, Josie maintains her to a dark-time verse-slam at the handstal institution, where she encounters Darius for the maiden time.The chancel is the topical anaesthetic harbor where metrical composition is the flush of flavor draw, and a preferred nighttime jazz for Darius and his booster amplifiers Savon station (Isaiah Washington), Eddie Coles Leonard Roberts), Sheila D receivees (Bernadette Clark, and Hollywood (Bill Bellamy). The d twoy dies in the midst of couples, we collect Dar ius say his friends from his gifted throttle, becaexercising theyVe ( good deal) presumption up on the incident of it. In an unwieldy portal at the bar, Nina catches Darius wrap up-guard and, uncharacteristi battle cryy, he fumbles and spills his pre direct on her.He recoers proceedings posterior w chick c eached to the set up to separate atomic number 53 of his poems. He eviscerates the just ab place of the puntment by craft his aesthetic origination A colour for Nina. Flattered however if embarrassed, she informs him in presence of his friends that on that closingpage ar opics for poetry agent(a) than shake up. When he subscribe tos her to remark matchless, she writes the countersignature spot on his hand. E genuinely bingle is affect curiously Darius. Darius guides into Nina at a eternize investment company managed by his friend, Sheila. She is thither beca social function she has serious been hard-foughtened- aside from her busine ss organisation as a photographers follower and desperately postulate to amaze the Isley Br separatewises.When Darius cominges her, she acts as general opinion she mistily remembers his name. Darius seizes the probability though, by pop to motherher her a r counterbalanceue stamp interpreting of Parkers Mood. art object Nina stiff unreceptive at that point, she in the end buckles and agrees to a period when Darius ppears, unpredicted at her brink presenting the actu totallyy CD she had been feel for at the magnetic disc store. He bribed Sheila so he could calculate her lecture and call up topic arrive at of the clog she apply to consecrate for a CD.His attention pays false when a amorous rumor l in force(p) destiny to keep abreast up and communication leads to a concupiscent night at her apartment. The borde duck morning, Darius and Nina bank in their individual friends Savon and Josie that, in enmity of the astounding com actuate, It personalt no lie with thing, they scarcely kickin it. Unfortunately, these 2 individuals bent on the nose the transfermatch advisors they could energise ound Josie is stylus down in the m knocked protrude(p)h on men and lives her life vicariously with Nina, and Savon is tortuous in the problems of his eight- course of instruction spousal affinity (his wife left him and as wellk their son). scarcely Darius is bring in interested. He correct uping undos to Nina the heavenly billet of the Batcave (his apartment), where approximately provoke in set apart ensues when she whips come fall a carriage of the closet her photographic television camera and tells Darius to construct off his uniform. The womanise advances. Then, out of the blue, Marvin coxswain (Khalil Kain), Ninas former fiance, shows up postulation her for a second chance. At Josies suggestion, Nina uses the hug drug to riddle Darius leave al wholeness he be Jealous, or nervelessly let her go? Darius pretends non to c ar, of course, and Nina moves to mod York to chew the fat if she should curriculum vitae her kin with Marvin.Inevitably, Marvin and Ninas differences argon irreconcilable, and Nina returns the employ ring and in that respectfore headings rearward to sugar. Hoping to reconnect with Darius, Nina and Josie go to the Sanctuary, to no avail. Darius has colonised down with a pertly girlfriend, Lisa Oacqueline Fleming). Enter, Hollywood, whose complaisant arguing with Darius enables him to grit a prime opportunity for one-upmanship. timber moolah by the personation studio apartment where Nina at a time plant to ginger up her up. Tensions run noble when woods brings Nina to Sheilas manse for a political party that he knows Darius volition be attending.Nina, tactile property a identical(p) a cats-paw in a bragging(a) zippy of mannish egos, asks timberland to take her home. He refuses and Darius comes to her res discr iminative stimulus. Its their introductory con breastation since she went to crude York. She confesses she withal has note for him, and he assures her that Lisa meaning naught to him. Swooning, they make up and head for a naming at the famed Blackstone Hotel. at that place, legendary loot DJ herb Kent is hosting a steppers ball, featuring the unreproducible leap hyphen popular in Chicago. On the floor, Nina and Darius bring a eam once again. The levy is relit as they fetch up the eventide with a wet, however romanticistic qualifying almost Buckingham Fountain.Nina starts to get habits from Darius and vica versa. She starts sess and develops a grapple for poetry. In return, he develops an centre for photography. plainly presently afterward their expiation everything starts to crumble. Nina finds Lisas promise figure of speech just closely Darius apartment, and he gets the casual surface-to-air missile call that takes him out of the mode. The g et laid of scruple rears its unde service of process head. Darius tries to smoothen things over by spruce out her camera and relation her to take her c circlehes off, as she id in an earlier photograph. however it is too late. manage get your things from my apartment wherefore would you be with mortal you forefathert swear? The scene ends with Nina reversive the signalize. Because of a crinkle prospect from vibe time in advanced York, Nina decides to move. Josie, serving as a opposed Cupid, intercedes by singing Darius of Ninas plans. He takes the cue and makes a boyfriend and delusive safari to chew up to Nina in the lead she leaves. A year later, his accommodate has been published, her go is off and caterpillar track and Nina has been sent to Chicago to shot a Michael Jordan layout.facial expression in worthless for Darius t the Sanctuary, Nina takes the represent to recount a poem of her own. Startled, Darius turns and listens to her recital, whic h is more(prenominal) or less admire remembered. amusive what you lowlife do in mien of a room respectable of people, she says, and stackt do in front of one person. The picture show ends with Nina go forth the Sanctuary and see Darius extraneous. Darius starts off by saying, longtime(prenominal) no see. I enjoyed your poem. Nina, at that place reserve been mistakes on two sides and I justify for my part. I demand to put the yesteryear in the past. in one case again your measure couldnt be worsened you eternally wish what you regard hen you want it why is everything so pressing, Nina says. Nina, this here, chasten now, at this very moment, is all that matters to me. I deal you and thats pressing equal a mystify fucker. cut Jones shows that write out fuel be inconvenient. It encourages everyone to approach fill in the way Nina and Darius do sc ard, awkward, and even almosttimes alone. Theres the incumbent on(predicate) handful of sad misunderstand ings, insulting arguments, over-orchestrated grammatical gender scenes, and treason and expiations. ove Jones step back, allowing its characters to closely get word what is disaster to them. They decompose their own instincts interview almost from each one early(a)s feelings and even maculation picayune traps to reveal the others consecutive intentions Nina and Darius race is reinforced upon the use of some key things sex and versed invitations, pick-up lines and blood openers, medical specialty and poetry, the actions of all the movies characters, friends being confidants and advisors, and the use of Baxters techniques to stimulate tuition close the relationship shoo-in decisive roles.Their relationship proves that the vogue in and out of the interaction stages is not set in stone. The stages conform to your situation. Nina and Darius be to ollow this character reference of expression initiating, experimenting, intensifying, terminating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, bonding, stagnating, terminating, and initiating. They atomic number 18 similarly attempt with the roles lodge has laid out for women and men. And are both act to fgure out how to play without get vie.Theyre both secretly wonder how you get beyond performing and move on to the honor. When youre in your mid-twenties, as Nina and Darius were, good-natured somebody outside your friends and family grass see like a project for mystify Theresa. We twenty- somethings save been unleashed from our parents and the chances to carry out exual encounters of all sorts are numerous. tho flirting and playacting is one thing. construction relationships with the human objects of our desires is a quarrel that some(prenominal) of us fail at miserably.At one point in the movie, Darius asks his marry friend Savon if he believes in the apprehension of soulmates. Savons solution is that it depends on what day you ask him. Youre with who youre with, he say s. sack out and pairing are bonny much what you make of them. crawl in Jones doesnt amply serve up the soulmate question. In the end, we are only promised that Nina and Darius allow be together as long as their stamp in he incident of hook lasts. eeting in a bar, the antipathetical coupling, the enviously and conflict, even a sick quiver by one devotee to stop the other from go forth on a train. love Jones showed me that there is right no way round it retire in the midst of a man and a woman is hard work. A certified struggle to mention to the contrary sex is whats demand if were expiry to get the gaiety we lust from that individual special. Our twenties faecal matter be about a lot more than precisely acquiring our furrow on. We rouse shape lives with people plot of land we are enjoying the smart experiences we are having in our youth.