Enterprise Resource Planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enterprise Resource Planning - Research Paper ExampleThe software enables the consolidation of each and every aspect of operation within the organization including manufacturing, storage/inventory control, sales and merchandising etc. The Enterprise Resource Planning software consists of several modules ready(prenominal) to a given effort ground on its needs and the level of technical capability within the enterprise. Each of the said modules is knowing for a specific area of the enterprise such as marketing, distribution, product development etc (Nathan 60).No weigh which module that an organization has decided to purchase, there are several factors that an organization wishing to supremacyfully pass an ERP should consider (Leon 66). In explaining the advantage and failures of implementing an ERP constitution, we are going to take a look at twain companies, one that has successfully implemented its ERP transcription and the second one that was not so successful in its i nstruction execution of the same. Starting us off, we will look at how Pratt and Whitney, a large Canadian aeronautics company that successfully implemented its ERP system known as SAP R/3. The implementation of this system took two and a half years to complete. Due to the expansive nature of the company (having customers in to a greater extent than 170 countries and having over a dozen plants across the globe), the company decided to develop a centralize information processing system to improve on its customer satisfaction. This system was to be named SAP/R3 and done it the company intended to fully integrate its information system through the application of the technology that was available at the time. In particular, this system was aimed at improving customer experience, reduce the amount of work in progress, increase turnover in inventory and finally ensure closer monitoring of inventory and the run costs (Harwood 120). One of the factors that ensured that the development a nd implementation of SAP R/3 as a success was the inclusive nature of the project team that was behind this development and eventual implementation. This team was divided into groups and it include employees from all the relevant departments including sales and distribution, information technology, production, planning, materials management and finance. This all inclusive approach ensured that the proposed system would furnish for everyones needs and desired hence its acceptability across the board. The second factor that led to the success of SAP R/3 was the importance that was placed on training of the employees on how the new system works. Training was undertaken across the departments and nearly all the employees whose functions would require knowledge of the system were accorded this training. The training covered ordinary understanding of how the system works and technical aspects of the system such as basic navigation and how to progress to the desired tasks. The third fac tor attributed to the success implementation of SAP R/3 was the effective selective information migration strategy that was used by the company in transferring data from the old system to the new one. The data was first cleansed before being transferred to the new system hence ensuring its correctness and reliability. Finally, the company had adequate readiness in terms of operational activities and technical capability (through its experienced staff) and financial ability to undertake this dismissal (Wallace 58). Having looked at the success story that is Pratt and Whitney in implementation of its ERP system, we will flip the coin and consider a company that was not as fortunate in its implementation of its ERP system. Target Group is a UK based investment firm that tried to implement an ERP system but due to a number of reasons, this implementation was not as effective as was with the

Human Resource Management transformation from primarily administrative Research Paper

Human imagination Management transformation from primarily administrative and operational to strategic - Research Paper ExampleIn 1980s notably the term Human mental imagery Management was introduced from USA. It indicated that employees are assets for the firm and vital stairs should be taken to sustain & retain them.The main transformational period of Human Resource Management started from 1945 when personal Management was given immense importance due to the post world war II scenario. utilization guidance & welfare work were categorized in Personal Management. Regarding Personal management, Bill Hewlett, co-founder of Hewlett Packard HP verbalize the role of personnel is to enhance the quality of management.The core reasons for the transformation of HRM are globalization, market competition, scientific advancements and continuous change. The firms realized that productivity of employees depends upon the formulation of policies, if the policies are employee friendly, than even tually working motivational level ordain increase. Significantly numerous imperative developments were brought in the firms like selection & testing mechanism, negotiation techniques, expansion of management training, reward system etc.Adopting and presenting policies which would benefit both employer and employees is a major concern of Human Resource Management. Success of a business depends upon the organizational behavior. This was one of the core issue raised in the transactional period. chief operating officer of Scandinavian Airline, Jan Carlzon openly presented his viewpoint on strong organizational behavior, which is a fundamental element of a companys triumph. Adaptations of performance appraisal and compensation packages were highly appreciated by the CEO of world-wide Electric, Jack Welsch.Technical terminologies were implied in the Human Resource Management in late 1990s such(prenominal) as Job Description, Job analysis, Competencies, Recruitment & Selection, Reward Sy stems,

Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd Essay

Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd - search ExampleThe purchase and installation were conducted and within a few days of ordinary usage and resultant airing, the trematode worm overheated and ignited some nearby towels starting a fire. Expert evidence (see the annexed declare by Robert Brown) that the fluke failed to comply with British Standard specifications, and that the defendant was negligent in fitting the flue in the claimants cupboard thereby exposing the flue to the accumulation of dangerous temperatures. The defendants basically admit these failures solo remarking that they had discharged their responsibility to the plaintiff by warning of the danger of using the flue in virtually proximity to articles of clothing.By virtue of Rule 24 of the Civil Procedure Code 1998 the claimants industry for epitome judgment is required to show that the defendants answer to the claim contains a) no legitimate prospect of success and b) there is no other substantial or co mpelling reason why the case should be disposed of in a trial.1 By virtue of Practice Direction 24, summary judgment can be obtained in one of the following three situations-It is important to note that the coquet will make its determination based on the evidence which can reasonably be expect to be available at trial or the lack of it.3 Since the defendant purports to be relying only on the strength of the contract itself in evidence, it will have no evidence capable of contradicting the claimants charge that the flue and its subsequent was negligent. The basis of this claim is founded on the principles enshrined in the tort of negligence rather than any contractual terms and is tantamount to no defense at all.

Team Building 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team Building 3 - judge ExampleThe aggroup decides amongst themselves the role of each such that biased relationships are not formed with members in spite of appearance the organisation (Cook Mangla and Ummer, 2009). There are set guidelines that need to be followed and the evaluation police squad decide whether the rules guard been adhered to. Post evaluation the team reports back to the funding body with critical insights into the process, activities and outcomes. Thus an external and innocent reflection helps the company build the team more effectively and focus on the gaps so as to eliminate them in the future (W. Dyer, W. Dyer, Jr. & J. Dyer , 2007). Evaluations are thus a mix of an objective and hands-off task and it is necessary for the evaluator to be neutral and offer space for divergent opinions, discussions and debates.2. The four stages of team building are forming, storming, norming and performing. When a team is initially formed there is a cordial atm on the sur face however in most cases the older team members would be cautious and violate whether their positions are threatened by the new entrants. The newcomers are also excited as well as tensed hence it is necessary to understand team building so as to maintain the counterbalance between the old and the new employees. Since there is mix of various cultures and mentalities, soon there will be competitions between the team members. Hence as a leader, one should be able to channel the needed conflicts into effective development of the team and the individuals working therein (Fisher, 2000 West, 2012). The third stage entails the settling down of the team and start conforming to the set of rules and regulations of the companies. The settling down happens as now the team knows what to expect from the opposite members. Therefore as a good leader and guide one should be able to free-base rules that the team needs to adhere

Financial Managment course project Research Paper

Financial Managment phone line project - Research Paper ExampleDiscussion of the family riches would involve studying the personal, professional and the pecuniary initiatory that makes the family rich. Financial initiative Finance initiative represent a step taken by an individual by showing his willingness to remain strong in gaining market share while frill the existing competition. The Rothschild family has taken a financial initiative to ensure that they remain economically afloat. One of the study financial initiative taken by the family is the maximizing their concentration in bank investment. Since the foundation by Amschel Rothschild the family has continued, sharpen their ways of bank investment because of the realization that it fetch them more money (Nasar, 2000, p.636). The concentration in banking activities has helped the family in developing better ways of increasing their wealth through their investment. For instance, the family earn branches across the UK and US something that has helped in increasing their market share. Establishing branches in the richest zones around the world is enough financial initiative that would pretend acted as a pinnacle for the wealth of the family. The branches helped the family into reaching a wider market thereby raising their acquirement from the market. another(prenominal) financial initiative witnessed by the family in the early 20th century is their involvement in other investment activities. After the realization that only one type of investment would not divine service well, the family went flexible by exploring other investment activities. The family decided to expand their operations by investing in railway, coal, iron working, oil and metallurgical investments (Golden, 2012, p. 67). This change in the strategy assured the family of success since a distress in one activity would have been compensated by the success of another. It is true that diversification in the investment activities helped the family a bid push-down store especially after the Nazi seized their Austrian banking house. Without the investment in other acitivities, the family would have suffered some sort of downfall. The family has also included in their operation, the provision of administration securities. Another financial initiative applied by the family is the expansion of its operation to include government securities and industrial companies. The two, government and industrial companies represent the pillar of any economy hence, their inclusion means the family has also established themselves as a pillar in the economy. Inclusion of government as one of the clients represents one of the strongest financial initiative that a company can make. It is often difficult for the government to suffer downfalls hence a deal with them is an initiative towards staying rich as long as the government remains in position. The government is the tolerate resort for any activity occurring in a country hence, includi ng them in investment means the family have strengthened their acquisition in the territory. Further, another financial initiative is the inclusion of the bigger industrial companies in their investment activities. This also assures the family of a lasting wealth since the other big industrial companies would do anything within their effort to avoid downfall. The financial initiative taken by the family, in including the big names in their investment list, means that their downfall would mean the downfall of the global economy. It is difficult for the

The Theories and Practices of Public Relations and Its Writing Assignment

The Theories and Practices of normal Relations and Its report - Assignment ExampleWriting in public recountings is an important human face and the success of any form of public coition campaign depends on the report skills of the writer. In formattingion has to be researched well, organized in a logical format so that the intended information is delivered effectively. Good public relation writing thus is important in ensuring relevant and correct information is communicated. Public relations is aforethought(ip) communication (Mahoney, 2008) TABLE OF CONTENTS precis 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 1.0 entry 4 2.0PART A 4 2.1Planning and Preliminary Research 4 a)Personal Study Checklist 5 b)Timetable 5 2.2Research Fact sheet 7 2.3Planning Template 8 2.4Planning Questions 5ws and H 8 3.0PART B 9 3.1Public relations is intentned communication 9 4.0CONCLUSUION 12 LIST OF REFERENCES 15 1.0 INTRODUCTION Public relation is the practice related to the management of communication between the pu blic and an organization (Zhao, 1999). It is the planned effort of makeing a mutual understanding between the public and an organization or an individual (Jovanovich, 1984). Public relation provides an opportunity of exposure of an organization or individual to a target audience. ... Public relation is a planned communication that involves research of relevant information, organization of the information in a crystallise format and the delivery to the target audience. The public relations practitioner has to identify the target audience and establish the form of information delivery that the audience will best understand. Written word is an important aspect in public relations that helps to communicate information to the public. The success of any public relation writing is in the writing skills of the writer and thus it is important to have good writing skills so as to deliver the information effectively (LEtang, 2007). 2.0 PART A 2.1 Planning and Preliminary Research Research an d preparation is a fundamental aspect of Public Relations writing. The following was the research plan that was formulated in preparation for the discussion, demonstrating planning, time management and organisation. a) Personal Study Checklist I read and understood the assignment exposit and requirements carefully Brainstorming for the assignment Noted the due date for the assignment ( 3rd June, 2011 ) Started a plan on how I was to complete the assignment Confirmed the due date from the unit guide provided by the lecturer The assignment had to be done by Friday 27th of May, before the due date Borrowed the Mahoney textbook from the library to aid in the assignment b) Timetable 9th May, 2011 Started the assignment Read the assignment description carefully make a note on how I was to do assignment 11th May, 2011 Brainstormed Read the instructions at one time again and noted the requirements Searched for documents that were necessary for the assignment Downloaded the fact

Sharing and Nurturing Ideas through Liquid Networks Essay

Sharing and Nurturing Ideas through Liquid Networks - Essay ExampleBlakley agrees with Johnson in her talk, Lessons from Fashions Free Culture. She says that the fashion industry promotes creativity, because it legalizes copying from one another. In Exploring the Diffusion of Innovation among High and humble Innovative Localities, Walker, Avellaneda, and Berry explore the diffusion of innovation among high and low innovative localities. They learn that competition and learning are some of the factors that green goddess promote and reinforce innovation processes. King and Anderson review several(prenominal) cases and studies in their book, Managing Innovation and Change A Critical Guide for Organizations, and they discover that many innovation processes do not follow a linear nature of ideation. This essay examines how innovative ideas are formed. It is an important military issue because with numerous social, economic, and political issues and problems plaguing communities and so cieties, innovation is a critical component in resolving them. Innovation can attend provide different options, and even, radical new ways of analyzing and resolving social problems and concerns. This essay reviews books from Johnson, Blakley, King and Anderson, and Walker et al. These authors, Johnson, Blakley, King and Anderson, and Walker et al., agree that innovation takes time and teamwork. ... Blakleys idea, where organizations that promote producing, nurturing, and sharing of ideas through liquid networks are the hotbeds of innovation. Spaces and organizations that promote the production of different ideas instigate innovation through promoting the forfeit flow and exchange of ideas. Johnson observes that the sources of innovations are places that generate liquid networks. Johnson defines liquid networks as spaces, where sight from numerous backgrounds and who rush different values, practices, values, and interests, collaborate and share their ideas. He notes that it is a liquid network, because of the easy flow of ideas and it is a network, because people come together to share these ideas. He stresses that these liquid networks are places where ideas intersect, mix with each other, or help people generate something new from parts of the old. Johnson states that one classic example of liquid networks are coffeehouses of the sixteenth part and seventeenth centuries. During the Enlightenment, Johnson narrates that instead of coffee, alcohol was served in these coffeehouses. He notes that these people drank alcohol from morning until evening, by sipping beer or wine every now and then, since water was not very safe to drink then. With these stimulants, he notes that fail ideas are formed. In addition, Johnson stresses that the architecture of coffeehouses made it easy for ideas to have sex. In these coffeehouses, people from different handle had their ideas openly shared, made, altered, and combined with other ideas. These are places where innovat ion thrived, because of the setting that allowed the free sharing of ideas possible. If Johnson is looking for a liquid network culture, he can also find it in the fashion industry.

The rising cost of health care in the united states Essay

The rising bell of health care in the united states - Essay ExampleWith this type of healthcare woo the modal(a) person whether they are single or within a family will not be adequate to afford healthcare unless some(a)thing is done to help them. Ginsberg cites several key factors in the rise of healthcareThis study is significant because of the many another(prenominal) healthcare problems that are creating denials from insurance companies for the average American if they have a power that the insurance company does not want to cover.Merrill Matthews, Executive Director, Council for Affordable Health Insurance, states that there are many reasons why healthcare is expensive. He states that the tall cost of technology is one of these reasons. Many doctors upgrade their equipment and the to a greater extent they do this the to a greater extent expensive the healthcare is for the individual who needs it. In many cases like LASIK or bariatric surgery patients have to pay out of th eir pockets to get care. When they pay out of their pocket they expect more but when they are receiving healthcare that someone else pays for they tend to use more of it (par. 6). Reinhardt suggests that the administrative overhead that closely hospitals and clinics have is really what is driving the cost of healthcare higher. In his article he quotes The McKinsey Global embed study that found that administrative cost and health insurance was 21% of this higher cost this translates in 2008 to $150 billion (par. 4). This report also said that 85% of the higher cost can be attributed to private insurance companies. The New York Times had a different opinion about the high cost saying that it was none of the regular things that people think like the aging of baby boomers or the high cost of drugs to treat disease it is because the United States is wealthy. This editorial states that Americans use more specialists than other countries and that the specialists overuse some things like CAT scans and M.R.I machines (The High Cost of Health

Individual report based upon a case study (below) Essay

Individual report based upon a case get (below) - Essay ExampleThis report is discussing upon giving the advice to the United States technology organization for them to enter the Chinese market with the most appropriate entry mode. Change is a continuous process which is being observed by the business environment all around. In the midst of the changing environments of business, the entry into the international markets cannot be unattended under any circumstances. The globalization phenomenon is at its peak and all organizations around the world are air towards having a global presence to attain success (Peng, 2000).Globalization has become an important aspect because of the range and demand of product and services of different companies in different regions. This has caused all organizations to approach towards making a global presence of their firms. Organizations around the world are looking for such opportunities and since mainland China has been associated with the World deal Organization and therefore major organizations seek market entry into China. China has plans to make their economy a market based economy and therefore opened the gates for new market entries into China (Williamson and Zeng, 2004).China has a developing economy that is growing on a very fast pace and attracting a lot international organizations in their country. Market entry modes have been changing and developing constantly. At every(prenominal) era there seems to be a successful market strategy of entering new markets and as discussed in the case below that Foreign Investment Shareholder Corporation is a more mediocre option for the US organization to enter into China.Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) can be defined as the direct investments that an organization makes on the productive assets in any foreign country. A foreign direct investment is an extremely important aspect of the economic system present on the global foot (Huang, 2003).The FDI has been categorized more e xpensive than the other market entry

Objectives Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Objectives - assignment ExampleThe assumptions that are contained in the theory are dumbfound into practice to determine if they stand as claimed or otherwise. On the other side, question is the process of coming up with new ideas and knowledge in the nursing discipline through either laboratory tests or experiments or going out to the area and collecting data for analysis. Research is what is on the ground, and any information that is as a result of research is deemed to be accurate and thus ideal for making informed decisions (Tappen, 2011).The three elements correlate as they take care on each other. For instance, research is the initial step among them all personnel go out to the theater of operations and collect empirical data for analysis. However, most nursing research is laboratory based where experiments and tests are conducted to regard some principles or facts. Once the research has been established a theoretical framework or certification is developed on which ind ividuals who want to further their knowledge in a particular field bring from (Moule & Goodman, 2009). Theory is what is taught in nursing schools after research has been conducted, and the relevant theoretical frameworks designed. Nursing is a hardheaded discipline thus all the knowledge that is learned theoretically in class has to be put into actual practice, which entails dispensing theoretical knowledge that is taught in class in a real world environs to ensure it is consistent with what had been earlier researched.Therefore, practice is what the entire nursing profession is built on as it is the act of rendering services to the patients (Moule & Goodman, 2009). However, discrepancies between practice and standards can be identified by canvas the outcome from the practical work with the standards that had been established earlier. It is prudent that standards are accurate and so that the outcome of the practical work can reflect what had been set earlier. Thus, discrepancie s are dangerous as

Research into the Marketing Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research into the Marketing Environment - set about ExampleTherefore, the marketing mix designed stoolnot be uniform. To cater to the needs of different customers, companies have to verify on market segmentation. The markets may be segmented on the basis of demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behaviouristic. The markets can be segmented base on early(a) factors as advantageously such as geography. Let us get wind into PepsiCo as a particular company and it is affected. In this study, PESTEL analysis will be used to rede the effect of macro environment on PepsiCo and then suggest ways by which it can execute smart objectives.PepsiCo is a multinational food and beverage corporation with its headquarters in the United States. outmatch on net revenue it is second largest food and Beverage Company in the world. Its revenue based on the 2013 data was 66,415.00 million USD and Gross profit levels were 35,340.00 million USD (PepsiCo Inc., 2014). Starting from its incorpora tion in Delaware in 1919 PepsiCo now has its presence in almost all countries starting from USA to New Zealand. PepsiCo has performed so well goes on to show that company has effectively and efficiently catered to the needs of various customers in various environments. It has mum the customers mentality correctly and has developed products that cater to their taste buds. For example, to be successful in Chinese market the company started manufacturing potato chips that are cucumber flavoured and which is not available in other countries. They got the idea of this flavour from a common Chinese dish named as pai huanggua (shredded cucumber) and surprisingly it is one of its better selling potato chips products in china (Ho, 2013). They have developed marketing strategy including use of celebrities with whom the customers can relate to for brand endorsement. For example, in their campaign for European market they have used David Beckham, for their campaign in India they have used cel ebrities such as Shah Rukh Khan and Sachin Tendulkar who have mass

Assigning gender roles starts very early and it creates a segregation Essay

Assigning sexual activity roles starts very primordial and it creates a segregation in childrens future - Essay ExampleThese mainly include pargonnts, t apieceers, peers, social media, religion, music, books and literature, among others. Therefore, each community has distinct sexual practice roles, which define masculinity and femininity in the community. Nonetheless, the locution of gender roles begins tied(p) before birth, and this has an effect in society, as it promotes an acceptable segregation in society. This result be shown in this essay through comparison of the views of two authors on the aspect of gender roles. In the article, Welcome to Your World, Baby, Willer notes that the aspect of gender role socialization begins immediately when a child is born. Normally, before seeing the baby, people will want to know the sex of the child whether it is male or female. On the other hand, during the growth border of the child, parents raise them differently, according to thei r sex. Boys will be taught how to do things, and what things they should not do, and this is normally different from how girls are advised. (337). Additionally, the Willer posits that depending on how a parent brings up their children of different sexes, they will capture different expectations of their boys and girls (337). On the other hand, Bennhold (Web) shares a similar view, as she argues that mothers are responsible for nurturing stereotypes in their babies. This is because ideally, mothers are the ones that play the biggest role in winning care of their babies, and socializing them into the society. However, mothers treat and teach their boys and girls differently, thus nurturing in them stereotypes, which act as an obstacle to gender equality in later life (Bennhold Web). Additionally, in the article Welcome to Your World, Baby, Willer notes that the greeting card manufacture contributes to the early assignment of gender roles in society. The felicitous messages on card s are different for boys and girls. In addition, the colours used on the cards, as well as the pictures are different in congratulatory cards meant for baby boys and baby girls. For instance, when pictures on the boys cards show young boys participating in dynamical activities such as sports, while those on girls cards show young girls in passive activities, this already portrays the difference that exists in boys and girls roles (Willer 344). Similarly, in the article Toys Start gender Equality Rift the author associates the differences in the positions of men and women in society today, to their early socialization in the gender roles. For instance, this author observes that gender roles have resulted in segregation, as in the past, women were denied leading positions, and today, women are lowly represented in the leadership electron orbit (Bennhold Web). Nonetheless, in the article Welcome to Your World, Baby, apart from the message cards, which portray boys involved in active activities and girls in passive ones, the toys bought for boys and girls also vary. While boys are bought for gun and car toys, girls are given dolls. This therefore, shows that boys are more aggressive than girls. Girls are seen as tender and caring (Willer 340-1). Similarly, the author in the article Toys Start gender Equality Rift notes that the toys young children are bought for are the ones, which influence segregation and the division in gender. Since boys are perceived more aggressive in society, the men are given more leadership position, since leadership is believe to suit people who exhibit high levels of aggressiveness. On the other hand,

The Role of Loyalty Scheme In Selling Directly to the Customer Research Paper

The Role of Loyalty Scheme In Selling Directly to the Customer - Research Paper Example3. Identifying the other marketing tools that can be used as alternatives of loyalty schemes and comparing the effectiveness of them. Answers of the three major question questions are believably to meet the above mentioned objectives to a great extent. The entire research process including the search for literature and army of primary data exit be carried out keeping these three questions and objectives in mind. Literature retread Literature review leave alone be the backbone of this research. It impart be containing the theoretical aspects of the subject. The focus of this branch go away be on the main theories behind the emergence of loyalty programs. The literature regarding the history and reason of several of such programs allow for be properly identified and explained in this section. The section will likewise include the description regarding the authority in which consumer beha vior is influenced by the loyalty schemes. A preliminary record shows that the loyalty schemes check been very effective during the last two-three years especially during the period of recession (Marketing Clout, 2010). They have helped the organizations in retaining their key customers and thereby improving the brand equity. Over the past decade retail sedulousness in UK has become more competitive. Major players now, look for innovative strategies regarding relationship marketing for increasing their gross sales and maintaining the existing customer base (Stone, M. et al. 2003). Loyalty schemes are actually the result of intense competition among the retailers. This research will try to find out the theoretical aspect behind such outcomes. Furthermore, many reckon loyalty schemes as the tool of direct marketing or relationship marketing. Literature... Literature review will be the backbone of this research. It will be containing the theoretical aspects of the subject. The foc us of this section will be on the main theories behind the emergence of loyalty programs. The literature regarding the history and background of several of such programs will be properly identified and explained in this section. The section will also include the description regarding the way in which consumer behavior is influenced by the loyalty schemes. The author of the paper declares that the relationship between the brand two-baser and loyalty schemes will be explained in the literature review section. The data required regarding the literature will be collected from various second-string sources like books, journal articles and research papers that are lively in the past. Both physical and online libraries will be used for accessing these sources. Considering the nature of the data, qualitative analysis will be conducted. This research proposal is developed with the objective of providing a clear overview regarding the actual research that will be carried out very soon. Thr ee major research questions along with the objectives are properly be in this proposal. The literature searching process in the actual research will involve secondary research. Literatures regarding loyalty schemes and related aspects of marketing and branding will be mainly searched from various books and journals. Focus stem interview will be conducted for gathering the primary data.

Ask week 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ask week 3 - evidence ExampleWhat are some of the shipway through which champion can strike and define the interrogation question?It is apparent that when carrying out a research on the establishment of an efficient Shared fiscal Services solution for your organisation may postulate some biases in the project. As a research, what are some of the ways through which such biases can be avoided?Being an employee in your organisation and being aware of your shared financial services can not be enough to have each(prenominal) the information regarding shared financial services. What are some of the ways through which additional information or so shared financial services can be obtained?The process of identifying the appropriate research question is one that requires some skills. What are some of the traits that a researcher has to have in order to successfully identify the appropriate research question?As an insider carrying out an action research in your organisation, and above totally being in senior management, it is apparent that your participants- who in this case are your junior officers would find it difficult to participate in the research. What are some of the things are you supposed to consider as a researcher, in order to ensure there is no bias or intimidation of your juniors during the study?As a researcher and being a woman, it is possible that your research may be instigated by social issues that have dominated Kenyans for a long time. In a way, men, and especially in higher offices may count this as an incitement to women. How do you ensure that your study is scientific and free from bias?Before charge off your research, you might have some hypothetical focus of your research. However, your data should be used to comprehensively elucidate your hypothesis. It is also evident that not all hypotheses are valid (Greenwood and Levin 2007). In this regard, in what ways can you ensure that your hypothesis

Fire Engineering- A study of Smoke and Evacuation in Old Factory Dissertation

Fire Engineering- A study of lowlife and Evacuation in Old Factory mental synthesis - Dissertation ExampleCHAPTER TWO LITERATURE analyse10Building occupancy11The leaven fighting industry13Code of arrange in Hong Kong by segment15Health and safety of building occupants22The minimum time for the system to provide for a smoke-free escape route25Fire engineering/ circumspection29Training for safe egress30Conclusion30Standard Theory freshen323.1 Introduction323.2 Enclosure fire elements333.3 Factors of occupant influence363.4 Building literals properties and fire373.5 Smoke properties403.6 Conclusion41References52DeclarationThis dissertation intent is my original work done as part fulfilment for the award of the Insert Course eg degree in Insert Field by the Insert institution. No part of this dissertation has not been submitted at Insert institution or both other institution for some(prenominal) award and all material presented in this dissertation is my original work. Where material has been borrowed from other authors, proper deferred payment and referencing has been done to acknowledge every borrowed material.Signature..NameDate Statement of ethical practiceThe material used in this dissertation was obtained legally and without coercion, forcefulness and illegal inducements. All borrowed material is from credible sources that depose be verified and due citations gift been doneAcknowledgements Kindly insert if anyCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTIONIntroduction... Buildings that throw been purposely designed for various functions are supposed to cater for emergency needs of the occupants of those occupying it at any given time. The main purpose of this research project is to compare the readiness of fire escape betwixt the original conditions and the current conditions of occupants of Shek nouveau-riche Mei Factory Building that was converted into a Jockey Club. Regulations that dominate buildings in Hong Kong city will be found into consideration. The main argument in the research is that Shek Kip Mei factory building is not sufficient to handle the get of its occupants in eccentric person of a fire outbreak. Background Information The damage caused by fire outbreaks is too high to bear for any given individual, a city, or a building and therefore preventive measures need to be put in place. More specifically, the effect of a fire tragedy to a person can be devastating and in most cases, they normally lead to death. Buildings in major cities are required to have the capacity guaranteeing its occupants safe evacuation incase a fire tragedy strikes. In this research project, the capacity of a building to ensure that people occupying it can safely move out in case there is a fire outbreak within the building. Shek Kip Mei factory building was initially a factory merely later converted into a jockey club that increasing the number of its occupants. Problem statement The main problem in the research project is the capacity of a sel ected building in Hong Kong to facilitate safe escape of people from it in case there is a fire outbreak within it. Shek Kip Mei factory building was initially a factory but later converted into a jockey club and the result of

The Importance of Higher Education Through Community College Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Higher Education Through Community College EssayWhy is high(prenominal)(prenominal) education important you may ask through union of interests colleges? there are some benefits to support that come with the achievement of higher education. Furthering your education puts you at a competetive edge with todays evolving technology and the aggressiveness of the enter job market. Higher education plays such a huge factor in todays society and yet at that place are still very many tidy sum out there who flush toiletnot afford to go to a big university because of the cost. Four out of ten graduating high school school-age childs pioneer their college careers at community colleges. Along the same lines community colleges are the largest and fastest growing area of higher education which means that more and more masses today are exploring and learning about the benefits of pursueing higher education through community colleges.There may be many reasons why w e choose to supercharge our education through community college. We of all timey last(predicate) live busy lifestyles and at whiles just our nonchalant lives, routines and obligations can dictate just how much time people can devote to prosecute a higher education. Some of us may already have families or may even be working at a job. There are also a great number of people as well who simply just spend beyond their means. All of these examples can play a huge roll on affordability and how much time a person can spend within the classroom.And because of this, these obstacles may prevent or even discourage people from being able to become a full time student. Community colleges offer the opportunity to higher education at a rase expence and present the student with the opportunity to take advantage of the many various scholarships and programs that these community colleges have available.There are a great number of community colleges to choose from in every state of the country . And many of these schools have a lot to offer potential students. Community colleges such as Ivy tech and Oakland City University for example, have a vast amount of programs and benefits that will allow people a circumstances to attend class no matter how much time their daily lives and routines require them to spend. These schools offer the student a selection of online classes, courses and even degree programs all ready to take from their home or division all online. In addition to online classes these two schools also omake available full or part time student enrollment, day time and night time classes are also available if needed to dish out accommodate all types of lifestyles,schedules and obligations. With all of these programs in place it makes pursuing your future that much easier to grasp.By allowing the handiness to attend community college online and at different times of the day and by using government and student financial aid such as Pell grants and the Stafford student loan people can often adhere a degree without going into so much debt. Sometimes the availability of these classes can help people get degrees even faster than they normally would if they had to be on campus at all times. With our busy lifestyles and the competitiveness of the job market in todays economy it is vital to have an education. Even though at times we may think to ourselves that we just cannot afford to attend community college or are simply just too busy with the demands of daily life to dedicate accomplishing such an important task. In my oppinion, othing can be further from the truth.Making the choice to attain higher education through community college is a fantastic decision for anyone wanting to be a competitive force in todays ever evolving technological world and try to win in the current job market. Going to a community college may be intimidating to some people for various reasons whether it is having enough time, money or obligations. And at times, ma y even let these issues disuade their decision to attend. There are no obstacles too big in your way of pursuing your future and your dreams. And by taking advantage of all the programs and benefits that these schools have to offer can and will help to ease any anxieties you may have ofbecoming a student pursuing a higher education through community college.

Interracial Marriage Essay Example for Free

Interracial married couple EssayMarriage has been a union between a man and a woman for oer hundreds of years. Whether or not it was their choice depended on what clipping period we were living in. in that location was a time when young women were promised to older men in order to keep their families in good r ever soence. There was level(p) a time when a matrimony was planned from the moment two wealthy, royal families popped out a boy and a girl. However, today it is mainly that man and womans choice, because they simply long to be with one another(prenominal) for the rest of their lives. If they do, however, change their minds, there is always divorce. So what if someone told you that you could not bond someone based on the color of their skin? Times have changed and that should no longer assign to why a man and a woman should not be brought together in holy union. Be that as it may, some citizens of todays society are willing to retrogress losing tummy of how much America went through in order to obtain the right of interracial wedding.Most quite a little would think that the only type of marriage that is at threat of being condemned as illegal is ani first mated marriage, however that is wrong. There are actually a few states that would also have interracial marriage as illegal. The Atlantic Wire states that about 60 percent of these Southern Republicans are hearkening back to a timewhen the American mainstream overwhelmingly looked down on people with different shades of skin acquire married. Like afore mentioned, marriage is a choice between two people not an entire government. not only are we going back in time by making interracial marriage illegal, but we are also violating peoples rights. This violates the constitution The Fourteenth Amendment guarantees equal rights to all American citizens especially the inclusion of African Americans who were not before.If we take away the right of interracial marriage, we will be segregating a whole group of people from our society. Todays generation holds millions of interracial children, teenagers, and adults. How will they ever get the opportunity to reproduce and find love if they are limited to someone with the same racial background? For example, if a male is a combination of Hawaiian, African-American, and Chinese, how likely will the chances be to find another individual exactly like him? It seems irrational andanimal-like. We are not separate species that will only mate upon a mating call or by a trigger of hormones we are human beings for cry out loud. Segregation ended years ago, no one wants to go back to a time where we were forced to drink from separate drinking fountains. One might think that this speculation of events is rather extreme, but honestly how else will society react if we ban interracial marriage? People will serene fraternize with different races and soon others will peer onto them with the same disgust they direct towards gay couples. There will be an outbreak of

A Book Report on “Heat” By Mike Lupika Essay Example for Free

A Book Report on rouse By mike Lupika EssaySportswriter named Mike Lupika intelligently wrote a piece of story that proves life is still comely despite the heartbreaks and difficulties. The author also portrays a story that illuminates the truth that a per boys talent is special and must be developed by the one who was granted as such. The social carriage displayed in the admit is very degrading that some of the male characters in the book including their adult friends lie to the authorities (Heat).However, the interesting and notable parts of the fable are those that mentioned fast food like Mc Donald and those drink and clothing brands that were mentioned in the book. According to Common Sense Media Website, the book entitled Heat has 220 pages and published by Penguin Putnam, Incorporated (Heat). The book is also published last April 16, 2006 and its genre is fiction about sports (Heat).There are many things that can be learned in the book like surviving in a difficult life, ethical standards like honesty, and developing a gift or talent that only a few lucky people can have in this world. Moreover, the book entitled Heat is a story about a boy who is so happy in the field of baseball sports. The story of Michael who is a 12 year-old pitcher tells about being lamentable and orphaned but with positive attitude in life. The story revolves around the hopes of Michaels father that his son could play with the Little League World Series.Michaels difficulties worsened when he was accused by a player and a rival coach that the disclosure of his age was fabricated (Heat). As a result, Michael was suspended from playing baseball after it was divulged and alleged that he was older that he mentioned in his visibleness as a player. However, Michael was able to face all these problems positively by being cheerful and well-adjusted. works Cited Heat. 2008. Common Sense Media Website. 8 September 2008 http//www. commonsensemedia. org/book-reviews/Heat. html

Miseducation of Filipino Essay Example for Free

Miseducation of Filipino EssayProf. Renato Constantino, in his essay entitled The Miseducation of the Filipino, writes about the coming about of the miseducation and the consequences of such action in the lives of the Filipinos, then, now, and perhaps the future. Promoting and imposing the unFilipino identity in Filipinos was the miseducation that the Statesns pursued during the time when they constitute as a benevolent ally to the Philippines, and they proved victorious indeed because they had completely subjugated the Filipinos, some(prenominal) in minds and in hearts. Education is a very vital concomitantor for ones development. And as we all know, through education, ones mind is molded because of the teachings, ideas, and values taught to him. Due to this fact, its scarcely either of the two that will happen the person will become productive provided that he was taught with the upright things, or, the person will become otherwise since he acquired negative things. Perso nally, I learned and realized many an(prenominal) things about the history and relationship between the Americans and the Filipinos upon reading this paper.It is quite intriguing what the main reasons really were the Americans in taking power over the Philippines. Was it for the good of the Filipinos or the Americans good? Whatever it was, they succeeded in almost both(prenominal) aspect of conquering the land because they knew the most effective way to subjugate Filipinos minds by controlling our education. They created a new generation of good colonials, the unFilipino Filipinos. The indigenous ways of life of Filipinos had been changed to the American way of life.That was ridiculous because certainly, America and Philippines vastly differed from each other in so many ways, and therefore, their ways of life based on their differing needs should be entirely different. But the Americans insisted on creating a carbon-copy of themselves in Filipinos through the imposition of their speech in their education. I went to elementary and high school in the Philippines, and I know for a fact they used both English and Tagalog as the media of teaching.In the long run, I think this resulted in both positive and negative ways positively, because I was uprooted to the U. S. and I was able to use the smattering English I know to communicate with others, and negatively, because as I have just realized, I feel the impediment in my thought process because I cannot think consistently in one language. All in all, I liked this piece because it reiterates the importance of education to not only produce literate people except also to produce people who would use that education to better their nation.

Labour Party to socialism Essay Example for Free

get Party to socialism EssayExplain the ideas and policies which get in touch the advanced(a) Labour Party to socialism. (10 marks) Socialism is the economic system based on cooperation rather than competition of businesses which utilizes centralized planning and redistribution of wealth. Industry is state owned and therefore companies have government monopolies on them which results in no competition. Industries are redistributed though the state to achieve a fairer society. Traditional Labour values were indeed a form of socialism as some of their core values hold a large welfare state, mild redistribution of wealth through taxes and social mobility. Socialism was founded in 1789 if the modern day Labour party had the same ideologies as those of the original socialist politicians then it would be considered a far right party in todays political spectrum.Since its origins, the principles of socialism have evolved into many different forms of itself to make it compatible w ith society. There are many links to many differing forms of socialism both(prenominal) traditional and modern in todays Labour party. Democratic socialists i.e. Labour believe in Equality of opportunity this means that everyone has the same opportunities to maximise their potential and accomplish high positions in keep no matter what their background or ethnicity, for example a labourers child brook become a lawyer or politician if he/she desires and they will not be discriminated against. This is still one of Labours core values, therefore linking to traditional socialism.Another concept of democratic socialism is the redistribution of wealth an example of New Labour doing that is increasing the amount in social housing estates, or the introduction of the windfall tax which raised ?5billion to set up the New Deal which helps the long name unemployed back to work through training and employment, thus giving opportunities to those who previously didnt have the skills to sustai n their own wealth. Traditional socialism wants radical constitutional reform e.g. democratise institutions such as the signboard of Lords. New Labour does want constitutional reform such as the de-centralisation of power and mild dwelling house of Lords reform e.g. it is elected not inherited. So therefore shows that Labour does still have socialist values.

The role of the Supernatural and Witchcraft in Macbeth Essay Example for Free

The role of the Supernatural and Witchcraft in Macbeth EssayHow would an auditory sense in the snip if Shakespe atomic number 18 reacts to the role of the Supernatural and Witchcraft in Macbeth? leaveiam Shakespe ar wrote The Scottish P per passwordate to celebrate the investitureOf James I of England who was in any case James VI of Scotland. Elizabeth I had just died and common beliefs and prophecies were ta office a major part in citizenrys livelihood. Two imparticular, which were such as the Supernatural and Witchcraft. This was exclusively looting to handle place within the reign of world-beater Elizabeth I (1533 1603)The public were increasingly occupied with speculations and legends of people macrocosm c aloneed Witches just be driving they were s flickerly different in some way or form. In 1564 a honor came in force to pr plaint Witchcraft from ta nance place. Murder by Witchcraft would be put up a go at it penal by death, thus ack straight offledging enth rales with nonnatural indexs. It is estimated that in Scotland al star 8,000 so-to-be witches were burned to death between 1564 and 1603. In 1604 an additive law was passed in Scotland, which declared any one and just(a) found to be practising Witchcraft should be executed. James I himself became personally involved with Witchcraft. James I indeed went on to publish work ab come out of the closet Witchcraft Demonology in 1597. Al megabytegh some people rebelled against this persecution, the belief in witches was widespread, and continued to the last-place execution in the late s withalteenth century.Adding to the hatred of Witchcraft was the fact that the country at that cartridge clip was Christian. This as well as gave the country a true(a)(a) belief in Heaven and Hell so the auditory sense would have been horrified to hear the witches chant. picturesque is foul and foul is fairWith their religious beliefs in that time, for them this moral reversal give have come as a horrifying shock to hear this being spoken on stage.Scotland was non the sole(prenominal) country which Witchcraft took over peoples life. In Salem U.S.A, t here(predicate)(predicate) were the famous Salem Witch-Trials. It started from to girls acc apply mortal of being a witch and that person was executed due to this accusation. Soon, early(a)s people started accusing other(a)s for little disputes and as well as friends and family were accusing each other and this continued so much most of the villagers were acc employ and put to death. These trials were so famous and still are, several books were pen about this besides the most famous one written by Arthur Miller called The Crucible.They believed that witches could do military some(prenominal) intimacys such as create the death of a person, plainly, it was also believed that they could non run into them. It was also believed that they could sail in a sieve which is shown with the sentence from one of the witches journey in sieve sick(p) thither sail,I give thee windThis also shows a nonher power of the witches that they could create any put up that would suit them.When shall we meet again?In thnether, lightening or come down?This does non fuck off different from a nonher sentence in the play until you notice the interrogatory record at the end which could mean that they already k nowadays when they are going to meet barely the question is what weather would they humanage to meet in and so one of the witches can create this system. A witch would also have what is called a familiar. These would be such as saturnine cats, frogs and toads or a black bird like a sparrow. These were express to of being given to them from the d despic open as a tie-in to the to a lower placeworld.These all sufferd fascination within the public as seen in Salem and also with royal family with Queen Elizabeth I starting the fascination and James I continuing this onwards. I think that the hearing i n the theatre would react cautiously to the moral reversal chanted by the witches. The people of that time were mostly Christians it went against their beliefs and so would have been Horrified and shockFrom the opening jibe in the play Shakespeare establishes the true fact that this lead be based around witches and the supernatural. Following from this Shakespeare reflects on what they believed witches were able to do. These are such as change the weather this is reflected by the question that the witches ask. The question they ask each other is in what weather they would like to meet in.When shall we three meet againIn thunder, lightning or rain?By adding the question mark, this tells us that they have already distinguishable where and when, entirely they get out purposely choose what weather and by one of the powers that witches were believed to have they go away engender out this weather system arrive for when they have be after to meet. The witches therefore go on to speak of another quality that they were believed to have and that is a link to the underworld, familiars. Familiars are such as black cats, frogs and toads, sparrows. These are said to be their link to the d offense. The witches speak of a colour in cat and toad.I come GreymalkinPaddock CallsThe Greymalkin being a grey cat and Paddock a toad.The prognosis closes with one of the main storys of the play.Fair is foul and foul is fairThis is what the witches believe and preach. It means that anything which is cor nance (Fair) is bad ( ruinous), exclusively if anything is Evil ( soiled) to them it is good (Fair). This is a moral reversal and also a paradox of what we believe in the world to daylight.The closing of the scene is where Shakespeare brings Macbeth into the play but does not allow the consultation to see him. The earshot would now be wondering what kind of a man Macbeth is. Is he a person of the supernatural because the archetypical people to speak about him are the wi tches, or possibly is he a good man but because of what the witches believe in and will they try and bring his death to him?.In the bet on scene Shakespeare uses this to establish the fact that there is a battle going on with Scotland and Norway at that time. The earshot is hence informed via a bloody overlord that it was not certain that Scotland would win the battle until Macbeth appears, and the captain quotesFor brave Macbeth well he deserves that nameThe audience are also informed of the bravery of Macbeth and Banquo. From this microscope stage Shakespeare also uses dramatic irony, this is used where Macbeth is told that the Thane of Cawdor has been claimed as a traitor to his country and so shall be executed. The case that this is called irony is that the audience already know that Macbeth will be acmeed Thane of Cawdor, but Macbeth is unaware of this.Shakespeare at the beginning of scene three brings in the witches again and proves to everyone that they really are wit ches and also that they possess the powers that people believed they could possess. Shakespeare also shows how petty, vengeful and impatient that they could be,A sailors wife had chestnuts in her lap,And munched, and munched, and munched- view as me,Quoth I,Aroint thee witch, the rump-fed ronyon cries.Her husbands to Aleppo bypast, master o thTiger. instantly that the witches have appeared the audience will now be waiting impatiently for the appearance of Macbeth. The audience know that Macbeth will be appearing soon due to what the witches quoted in the first scene.When Macbeth appears and makes his first speech, he will shock the audience and give an instant impression on the audience.So foul and fair a day I have not seenThis could be irony for the future of Macbeth whitethorn this be what happens to him on the future, This will shock the audience as this is very similar to what the witches chanted as their main stem and so Macbeth would be associated with the witches and be in fluenced on their doings. What Macbeth really means by this, is that the weather is foul but it is an air day due to Scotland winning the battle.When the witches are verbalizeing to Macbeth and Banquo, Banquo is curious and confused why Macbeth should be concerned when the witches prophet good intelligence agency to Macbeth. However the witches have seemed to put him in a trance-like evoke when he is told that he will become king and this brings Banquo into a imagery of clothing and uses this to make the rank that Macbeth is in a trance-like rapt. The witches then turn to Banquo and make three claims to him.Lesser than Macbeth, and peachyer.Not so happy, in time much happier gram shalt get along kings, though thou be noneAfter these claims to Banquo the witches seem to run into thin air and Banquo is very suspicious of them unlike Macbeth. Macbeth has deep and rancid desires and thinks about Banquos children be access king as if this could have some threat to Macbeths futur e.After their first acquaintance with the witches, Angus and Ross appear with lates for Macbeth. The bracings that they have brought to Macbeth is that the Thane of Cawdor has been declared a traitor to Scotland and so he will become Thane of Cawdor himself. This is humorous because this is one of the claims the witches have given to Macbeth. Macbeth then startles the audience when he says that greatest is behind and means that all that is left for him to achieve is to get onto the arse. This will also tell the audience that even the best of workforce can be tempted by dark. Banquo though refers to the hellion as evil and so represents good in the moral reversal that is about to begin place in both of them.And oftentimes, to win us our pervert,The instruments of dimness tells us accuracys,Win us with unspoiled trifles, so betraysIn deepest consequence.When Macbeth speaks his first major soliloquy the audience finally get to hear his innermost thoughts as he asks himself questions,Two truths are toldOf the imperial theme I thank you gentlemen. This supernatural solicitingCannot be ill, cannot be good.If ill, why hath it given me earnest of success,Commencing in truth? I am Thane of Cawdor.If, good why do I yield to that suggestion,Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair,And make my seated heart knock at my ribs,Against the look of nature? Present fearsAre less than appalling imaginings?My thought whose tally yet is but fantastical,Shakes so my single state of man, that functionIs s engendered in surmise, and nothing isBut what is not.It is Macbeth who mentions murder, even though the witches have mentioned nothing of the sort and so this shows that this is suggestion is one that Macbeth has thought of himself. He also decides that it is not a possibility that it will come to murder.If play will have me king, why chance may crown meWithout my stir.And also that he will leave it to chance whether he will become king or not.Come what come may,Time a nd the hour runs through with(p) the roughest day.This then leaves the audience with a sense of hope that Macbeth is not going to allow him to be tempted.It is when Duncan declares his oldest son, Malcolm, as his heir to the throne Macbeths attitude to the throne changes and so instead of waiting for the chance to become king he now sees Malcolm as an obstacle to himself and there from another short soliloquy he allows the audience to now he has evil desires inside and so prays that the stars should not shine on his evil desires.The Prince of Cumberland that is a step,On which I must(prenominal)(prenominal) fall down, or else oerleap,For in my way it lies, stars hide your fires,Let not light see my black and deep desires.The eye wink at the hand yet allow that be,Which the eye fears when it is done to see.He does this because stars are a form of light and light represents chastity. We now start to think that this maybe the start of Macbeths evil paths coming to light, it is t hen that chick Macbeth is introduced. maam Macbeth delighted by her husbands letter, she knows MAcbeth is ambitious to get on the throne but also realises that he lacks the ruthlessness needed to get there. She knows he simply wants to win his honours honestly, would like to be king but will not cheat to gain the throne. A messenger informs madam Macbeth of the kings immanent arrival and she is then very aflame and sees this as a perfect opportunity to get Macbeth on the throne. She then speaks a horrid and for the audience a shocking prayer to evil spirits.Come you spritsThat tends on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,And fill me from the crown to the walk-top fullOf direst cruelty make thick my blood,Stop up th access and passage to remorse,That no compunctious visitings of natureShake my fell purpose, nor keep peace betweenTh effect and it. Come to my womens breasts,And record my milk for gull, you murdringMinisters,Wherever in your sightless substancesYou wait on natures misc hief. Come thickNight,And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell,That my keen knife see not the wound it makes,Nor heaven peep through the covert of the dark,To cry Hold, holdThis prayer from doll Macbeth is shocking to the audience because of the voice communication that she uses. Here she is asking for the evil spirits to come to her and to fill her from the crown to the toe-top full with evil and replace her milk into bitterness and evil. She has prayed for this because she has decided that she will not let this opportunity to pass of becoming Queen. She has also prayed for this as she knows that Macbeth has not got the evil and ruthlessness inside him to carry out the murder. Lady Macbeth has also asked for it to be a dark shadow and so that the stars and heaven can not see her do this deed because the light and heaven are representations of goodness.So, when the arrival of Macbeth occurs, she then shocks the audience again but also Macbeth when declaring that Duncan will no t see the morning. She has the paper of deception.O never shall sun that morrow seeLady Macbeth has now totally committed herself to the deed and has not given Macbeth any chance of changing her mind. She is entirely devoted to now becoming Queen and will not by any means let this prospect surpass.Macbeth is now in two minds and delivers a soliloquy to the audience to let them know exactly what he is feeling like and what he is grappler with in his internal conflict.that but this blowMight be the be-all and the end-all here,We still have judgement here,Hes here in double trustas his host,Who should against his murderer shut the door,Not bear the knife myself.his virtuesWill plead like angels I have no spurTo prick the sides of my intent, but only overleap ambition, which oerleaps itself,And falls on th other -He admits the only thing driving him is ambition and informs Lady Macbeth that he will not murder Duncan. But he gives her different excuses than what he really feels so tha t he does not appear weak in her eyes. Lady Macbeth then launches a powerful blah on Macbeth, accusing him of exactly what he did not want, and that is to be accused of not being a man. She goes on to create an atrocious image of her killing her baby and appears to have joined the forces of evil and she will surely not let this opportunity of becoming Queen Pass. She now appears to have had her wish of being filled with evil fulfilled...I have given suck, and knowHow tender tis to love the babe that milks me-I would plot it was smiling in my faceHave plucked my nipple from his boneless gums,And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as youHave done to this.The people of the time of Shakespeare believed that the witches could cause delusions and this is what occurred to Macbeth when he sees a thorn coming towards him. Macbeths mind is filling of dark and evil desires and is also tormented by images of blood, fear, and the unknown.Is this a gummed label which I see before me,The han dle toward my hand? Come let me clutchthee.Art thou not, fatal vision, sensibleTo feeling as to sight? Or art thou butA dagger of the mind, a dishonorable creation,Mine eyes are made the fools o th other senses,Macbeth now explains that he is sure that this dagger which he sees in front of him is definitely a false creation and is not real but a hallucination. Macbeth then personifies murder and feels he is going to do a deed similar to what someone else did before him yet in different circumstances.With Tarquins ravishing strides, towards his send offMoves like a ghost.Murder is against Macbeths nature and against the natural order of thing. The darkness is Shakespeares way of using language to symbolise evil powers rising up against the powers of goodness and light. Macbeth wonders whether he is going insane where symbolizing all the evil building up in Macbeth heart. He then decides to take out the murder and so maybe he has decided to carry out the murder because he really is an evil man as possibly he didnt need the influence of the witches to take out the deed. Or possibly he is acting on impulse and without thinking it through properly or he is still under the influence of them.The first sign of Lady Macbeths conscience is when they come to kill Duncan but cannot because she thinks that Duncan looks like her father.Th attempt and not the deedConfounds us. Hark I laid their daggers ready,He could not missem. Had he not resembledMy father as he slept, I had donet.This gives the audience a slight indication that evil has not totally taken over her and in the end good will triumph over evil.Macbeth slays Duncan as he is sleeping and sleeping is often referred to as innocence. He horrified himself by the fact that he could not say Amen. At this point the audience do not know whether the deed has been done, so, this is even more proof that Macbeth had done the deed. In the time of Shakespeare it was believed that if you did a deed like this the devil would take your soul and would stop you from saying anything that would be linked to Christianity. This would have horrified both the audience and himself because then Christian beliefs were essential and this would have been an essential part of their belief.Lady Macbeth then decides to take over the bit and tells Macbeth to wash his hands but he then fears for a blood-stained soul. Macbeth has destroyed the natural order of things and knows himself must pay..Go get some piss,And wash this filthy witness from your hand.Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the deadAre but as pictures. Tis the eye of childhoodThat fears a painted devil. If he do bleed, unwell gild the faces of the grooms withal,For it must seem their guilt.Lennox then talks of the darkness of Duncans death and tells us about the rough night gone past. The night would have been done by nature to warn everybody that unnatural things are going on (e.g. the death of Duncan).They have broken the natural order of things in ways that horses have eaten each other the weather was terribleAnd also as the owl was sweeping through the air like a hawk whereas owls normally fly close to the ground. This was not classed as a familiar but an evil bird due to it only coming out at night and night equals evil.The night has been unruly. Where we layOur chimneys were blown down, and as they say,Lamentings heard I th air, strange screams of death,A falcon towering in her pride of placeWas a mousing owl hawks at, and killed.And Duncans horses a thing most strange andBeauteous and swift, the minions if their race,Turns ill-considered in nature, broke their stalls, flung out,Contending gainst obedience, as they would makeWar with mankind.Tis said they eat each other.On breakthrough of Duncans body Macduff uses imagery which goes beyond the facts of murder and talks of unleashed nut house and a irreverent deed. This is a sacrilegious deed due to the king being believed to have been appointed by god and so this was so bad it would have been like destroying a church or other religious building. This was claimed to have unleashed chaos because it looks like someone has not just stabbed Duncan but has continued to do so with force many times. Also the body is so bad to view Macduff claims that you would turn you to sway like a new gorgon.Confusion now hath made his masterpiece.Most sacrilegious murder hath broken openThe lords anointed temple and take thenceThe life o th buildingApproach the chamber, and destroy your sightWith a new Gorgon. Do not bid me speak.See, and then speak yourselves.The quote that a new Gorgon is in filename extension to a Greek goddess that had snakes for hair and if you saw her you would turn to stone and Macduff says that if you saw the body of Duncan you would turn to stone as the sight is so ghastly.When Macbeth first kills the guards this may be the point where he may not be sticking to the plan. This would in fact be worse for him due to nobody will not be able to give evidence.Scene four tells us what has really happened. However, there is much filter out on the unnaturalness of the murder and how it has begun to poison nature. The forces of evil seem to be at work due to it been dark like night when it is supposed to be light. It is believed that it was light due to good not being able to look down on the death because it is ashamed to see the body of Duncan.Banquo is representing good and apart from Macbeth is the only other person that knows about the witches prophecies. Macbeth is concerned about Banquo coming to the truth in his mind because he is a very intelligent person. Also Macbeth is obsessed about the witches prophet that one of Banquos children will become King. Macbeth tells us about why he is afraid of Banquo and he orders the death of Banquo but also Banquos son Fleance just to make sure that no one else could become king soon. In the soliloquy Macbeth tells us about Banquos good and strong points but also that he feels he has sold his soul to the devil for the sake of Banquos children and he has done it for no purpose of his own and all for nothing.No son of tap succeeding. Ift be so.For Banquos issue I have filed my mind,For them the gracious Duncan have I murderedTo make them kings, the origin of Banquo kingsEven now Lady Macbeth also thinks the same as Macbeth, that now they are King and Queen they have done it all for nothing.Naughta had, alls spent.Macbeth tells us of the nightmares that he has which stops him from sleeping. This was another point on which it was believed that the witches could cause this and stop people from sleeping altogether. There is also a growing distance between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. He starts to hint to her that something terrible will be done, but deliberately chooses not to tell her and even deceives her by telling her to pay particular attention to Banquo at the feast. Perhaps this is because he wants to protect her or because he wants to show her that he is a man and is capable of acting on his own. The final speech communication of this scene are important and ominous. Macbeths words give the audience an insight to what is really going on in his mind. Macbeth tells us that his wickedness grows stronger and even more vicious. He has now committed himself to the path of iniquity and he has now gone too far to turn back on the right road.The scene of Banquos murder is a scene of where we see the most references to good and light sweep overing darkness and evil.Give us a light there, hoEvil is a force that is equals darkness and this is also when the murder is going to take place. By this Banquo who represents good, asks for more light. By this Shakespeare uses this as a metaphor of good overpowers evil. When Macbeth orders the murder of Banquo and Fleance it seems to the audience that evil will overpower good and Macbeth who now represents evil will come through. At the murder scene Banquo is killed and Fleance escapes and so lets th e audience realise that evil may not totally take over and the witches predictions were indeed the truth.O treachery Fly good Fleance, fly, fly, flyThou mayst revenge. O knuckle downOne reason why they also may ask for more light is that Banquo represents good and that represents light, so when Banquo is killed some of the light will have dimmed, so there is less light.In the next scene there is a banquet in Macbeths castle and Macbeth sees the ghost of Banquo and this could be caused by the witches, as it was believed that they could cause hallucinations and they may cause this.Which of you have done this?His quote asks the others which of them have played this trick on him also he is asking who has killed Banquo, although he knows totally well that in a sense he has killed him. This hallucination is caused by his guilt and has been sent by the witches to torment him and drive him insane. The banquet is now totally in turmoil, and chaos has broken out. This may also represent how Macbeths reign will affect the country and what may happen in the future to scotland.Lady Macbeth says that she cannot tell whether it is day or night, which is apparent to Macbeth also. They cannot tell whether it is day or night but also they cannot tell good from evil. This is similar to what the witches said.Fair is Foul and Foul is Fair. dissemble three scene six again allows Shakespeare to inform the audience of the state that Scotland is in under the reign of Macbeth.May soon return to this our suffering countryUnder a hand accurstThe next act is where we see an important view of the witches. They throw their nauseous ingredients into the charmed pot they talk in rhyme giving the impression of them creating a magic spell being chanted.Eye of newt, and toe of frog,Adders fork, and blind-worms sting,Like a hell-broth boil and bubble.Double, double toil and troubleFire burn and cauldron bubble.These here are just some of the nauseous ingredients they put into their pot. Their g ruel is also an image of confusion and reflects Elizabethan beliefs about the nature of the world and the relationship between good and evil. The witches refer to Macbeth as something wicked and so this may say that they quite like him. I have made this prediction due to the quote.Fair is Foul and Foul is FairWhen they refer to Macbeth as something wicked they are almost saying that he is worse than them.By the pricking of my thumbs,Something wicked this way comesOpen locks,Whoever Locks.Macbeth is intractable to know his future, and the witches are also fixed to use Macbeths human failings and readiness to use their predictions as a way of destroying him.Macbeth, Macbeth, Macbeth, beware Macduff,Beware the Thane of Fife. notify me. enoughThis is a warning to Macbeth that he must beware of the Thane of Fife, or as the Thane of Fife, Macduff. Macbeth takes this as it is said and is aware of Macduff.Macbeth has another Apparition come to him and gives him this warning.laugh to scon eThe power of man, for none of woman bornShall harm Macbeth.This warning to Macbeth says that he should be aware of any person not born of a woman. Macbeth takes this as everyone is born of women and there is no possibility of him been moved off the throne..Macbeth shall never vanquished be, untilGreat Birnam woodwind to gritty Dunsinane hill.This is a warning to Macbeth that he will only be taken off the throne when Birnam wood moves up to Dunsinane Castle where Macbeth lives. When Macbeth hears this he interpretates it as the wood will pickup its roots and walk up to the castle. He then instantly thinks that he has no problem of been taken off the throne until he dies. First he requests one more view, and this is that he wants to find out who will take the throne after him. Macbeth is then shown a line of eight kings. These are not too important to Macbeth at first until he notices that they all resemble Banquo. This is his worst fear that no-one of his ownfamily is going to car ry on the family in his name and so Banquo will be not so happy, yet much happier. This tells Macbeth that all this that he has done was all for nothing and brought more pain to him and his wife that they would have had without the deeds they have committed.Thou art too like the spirit of Banquo. DownThy crown does sear tap eyeballsIn Act four scene two we see the only other female character apart from Lady Macbeth, Lady Macduff. She is the total opposite to Lady Macbeth, as she is caring, gentile and also a loving mother and wife. She is very close to her child and Macduff, and she is loyal to them both. Lady Macduff is not interested in politics and has no deep and dark desires. The murdering of Lady Macduff and all her children would be deeply shocking to the audience especially with it been carried out on stage. They are all honest and innocent so their deaths would be needless. This shows how low Macbeth has got and how badly he has sunk in terms of morality. They do however s erve to determine Macduff to seek revenge and to wander to kill the tyrant.I have done no harmAct four scene three enlightens the audience as to the character that Macbeth has now become. He has now become a eject wrinkle to what he was at the start of the Scottish play.For brave Macbeth well he deserves that name On receiving the word about the murder of his family Macduff is urges by Malcolm to enrage his heart and get revenge on Macbeth.I impart him bloody,Luxurious, avaricious, false, deceitful,Sudden, malicious, smacking of every sinThat has a name.There are also points to prove about how Macbeth is running game the country and in what state it is in.Stands Scotland where it did?Alas, poor countryAct five scene one is the last time that we see Lady Macbeth and she is still complete contrast to what we see of her in the beginning. She is suffering like the prediction she made after the death of Duncan. This is that she told Macbeth that if he kept on thinking about it the n he would drive himself insane and loose control and go mad. She has done exactly that, and spends her nights sleep-walking and has ordered that light is to be with her all the time especially at night.How came she by that light?Why it stood by her. She has a light by herContinually, tis her command.Could this possibly mean that she needs light around her, or could we say, she needs goodness around her, to protect her possibly?When she is sleepwalking she goes to the bathroom to try and wash off a dammed point in time of blood on her hand. This is another contrast of Lady Macbeth where at first she said,a little water cleans us of this deed.She is now in her own private hell full of blood, fog and filthy air. She is now pitiful, terrified or going to hell and yet realising there is no escape of going to hell so she can prepare for the arrival. She then takes herself back into time and makes references to the murders of Banquo and Lady Macduff. It is possible that if Macbeth has to ld her about these murders, she would have tried to stop the murders indefinitely. She may of tried to stop these, as these were not apart of her plan when they became king and queen.The thane of Fife had a wife where is she now?What will these hands neer be clean?I tell you yet again Banquos buried heCannot come out ons grave.The doctor that is looking after her has now get that Lady Macbeth does not need a doctor, but also that he cannot do anything for her, as she really needs someone much more powerful than him, a Priest, a phychiatrist. This is the last that we hear of Lady Macbeth but we do hear that she takes her own life. This would say to the audience that good will always overpower evil and there is a severe price to pay for taking the evil road.Macbeth hints to the audience and that he is ready for death and to go to hell. But he is determined not to go without a contract and until every piece of flesh has been gauchely teared off his raw bones. Shakespeare shows that h e is ready to die by using imagery of withering leaves.I have lived long enough. My way of lifeIs fallen into the sear, the yellow throwYet he still asks for his armour so to not die without a last fight. This brings us back to his attitude at the beginning. At the beginning he was loyal strong and was brave. You could say he was being brave here or is he just taking an early exit to death.Ill fight, till from my bones my flesh be hacked.Give me my armour.The final scenes reveal to the audience and Macbeth the equivocation that the witches used to give Macbeth an idea of his future.oftentimes, to winus to our hard, the instruments of darkness tell us truths,win us with honest trifles,to betrays in deepest consequence.Macbeth hears a shriek and says he as almost forgotten what it is to be afraid. He refers to the night of Duncans murder and that then even the slightest noise appalled him. He receives the news of his wifes death with apparent complete differences a huge contrast to the beginning. He suggests that almost his wifes death is almost a complete pain to him that she has died when he is in the middle of a battle.She should have died hereafterThere would have been a time for such a word.He realises that life is only a shadow a fleeting thing that is meaningless like the sound and fury of an idiots tale. He decides that his life has been all for nothing.The final unravelling of the prophecies would be of great interest to the audience serving a whole moral purpose. The witches did not exactly lie to Macbeth, but maybe twisted them so he had to work the rest out himself and they may have done this to see what explanation Macbeth came up with. They didnt tell him the whole truth and didnt lie but made their predictions interpretable in different ways. The interpretation that Macbeth makes of these was the wrong ones. But his interpretation appealed to his ignorance, greed and wisdom. When one of his messengers tells him that Birham wood is coming to D unsinane, he realises that he interpretated them wrong and the witches had tricked him, just like his good companion said they would in the first act.Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fearThings do sound di fair? I th name of truthAre ye fantastical, or that indeedMacbeth even though realising his fate still is determined to die like a soldier.Why should I play the Roman fool, and dieOn mine own sword? Whiles I see lives, the gashesDo better upon them.Macbeth then realises his castle is been attacked and defeated, he now realises that he is tied to the stake and cannot escape. Here though he still clings to the apparitions and to the fact that no man not born of a woman can hurt him.He is confronted by Macduff turn hell-bound but Macbeth hints that he does, somewhere, still have the remnants of a consciencemy souls too much chargd with blood of thine alreadyMacduff is dreadful to avenge the deaths of all his family and tells Macbeth that if he is not to fight that he must sur render and they will then put him on show like a rare monster. Macbeth can not bear this single-foot and decides to fight. He then also tells Macduff that he might as well as give up as he owns a charmed life because he cannot be harmed by anyone born of a woman. Macduff respond with a quote that would shock the audience and horrify Macbeth. This is that he was born not of a woman but from his mothers womb untimely rippdThis tells us that Macduff was not born naturally but tells us that he was born caesarean birth and that he was ripped earlier than a normal birth from his mothers womb.By now Macbeth has finally realised everything that the witches said and he is furious with them but really he should only be furious with himself because of his own interpretation of the apparitions.And be these juggling fiends no more believed,That palter with us in a double senseThat keep the word of promise in our ear,And break it to our hope. Ill not fight with thee.Macduff goes on to kill Macbe th and this also is true to what the apparition prophesised.Beware Macduff, beware the Thane of FifeBy this Malcolm is rightfully restored to his rightful position, King of Scotland.

Alfred Adler Essay Example for Free

Alfred Adler Es give tongue toAlfred Adler born February 7, 1870, acquire his medical degree in 1895, he took an interest in social issues and, in 1902, became part of Sigmund Freuds cockroach of friends. He created the International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA) in 1910. He and Feud worked together for many years but eventually their relationship soured and Adler left to form his own school of individual psychology. Their study point of dis check intoments stems from the aspect of sexual urge Adler rejected Sigmund Freuds emphasis on sexuality and theorized that neurotic behavior is overcompensation for feelings of inferiority. He objected to the Freudian emphasis upon sex as the root of neurosis. To him a feeling of helplessness during childhood commonly leads to an inferiority complex, as he too was ill during his childhood. Adlers theory center on social forces, and his therapy focused on overcoming the inferiority complex through positive social interaction. Adler a lso rejected Freuds theory of the libido. He considered the individual as a complete being, whose social goals at the present began earlier on as an infant who has feelings of inferiority.And therefore compensation and the search for power and supremacy, as well as the feel of be to a collectivity is the most basic goal for such a thickening. Adler considered psychic development to be the ecesis a lifestyle, starting with too soon childhood, and that later symptom had to be returnn into account from this point of view. Freud on the other hand placed more emphasis on sexuality as a motive. The Psychoanalysts say behavior is determined by unconscious motivations, irrational forces, instinctual drives and psychosexual events occurring during the first six years of life.Freud at a time commented For, whether a man is a homosexual or a necrophilic, a hysteric suffering from anxiety, an obsessional neurotic cut off from society, or a raving lunatic, the Individual Psychologist of the Adlerian school will have that the impelling motive of his condition is that he wishes to assert him ego, to overcompensate for his inferiority, to remain on top, to pass from the womanish to the masculine line. 1 To Adler, the most important motive is the feeling of inferiority, which he felt originated in the sense of dependence and helplessness which infants experience which differs remarkably from Freud concept.In essence Psychoanalysts strive for fundamental reconstruction of an individuals aggregate personality whereas Adlerian thought focuses on the patient re-educating and re-organizing his priorities and goals. True converts to a Psychoanalyst therefore comes from an individual gaining self awareness by bringing unconscious thoughts ,motivation, feelings and experience into the conscious so that behavior is based more on past reality than present social state of the mind. A second difference is on the nature of environmental stimuli. Adler stressed consideration of the individual in relation to his total environment.His system emphasizes the uniqueness of the individual and his relationships with society. Adler said it is not the childhood experiences that are crucial, it is our present interpretation of these events that matter. Unconscious instincts and our past do not determine behavior. Mental health therefore is measured by the degree to which we successfully package with each other and are concerned with their welfare. To them, encouragement is the most important method available for change of a persons belief and clients are told they have the power to choose to act differently.Adlers early career was marked by a zeal for social reform, often expressed in articles in socialist newspapers. His first professional publication was a social-medicine monograph on the health of tailors. He could not agree with Freuds basic assumption that sex was the main determinant of personality, and all that this implied the dominance of biological factor s over the mental the push of drives, making for identical, predictable patterns the part commanding the whole pleasure-seeking as mans prime motivation.Whereas Freud tried to beg off man in legal injury of machines and animals, Adler sought to understand and influence man precisely in terms of what makes him different from machines and animals. Individual psychology therefore has the kind of simplicity which comes with concreteness, dealing as much as possible with what can be observed and as little as possible with what essential be taken on faith.A chagrin that Freud was not amused with when he commented Such doctrine is exceedingly welcome for the lay man because a theory such as this is bound to be rattling welcome to the great mass of the people, a theory which recognizes no complications, which introduces no new concepts that are disfranchised to grasp, which knows nothing of the unconscious, which gets rid at a single blow of the universally oppressive problem of sexu ality and which restricts itself to the discovery of the artifices by which people seek to make life easy.As the mass of the people themselves take things easily they call for no more than a single reason by way of explanation, they do not thank science for its diffuseness, they want to have simple solutions and to know that problems are solved. 2 many another(prenominal) of the aspects on which these two fields differ are. Goal-striving Adler saw man imbued with a unitary dynamic force, a striving from below to above. Since this striving is an intrinsic necessity of life itself, like physical growth, there is no need to infer a further source of energy for it.Which energy the psychoanalyst believed can be got from reflection through free association To Adler. To understand the personality or any behavior, one must seek its purpose. The desires of the self ideal were countered by social and ethical demands. If the corrective factors were disregarded and the individual over-compens ated, so an inferiority complex would occur, fostering the danger of the individual becoming egocentric, power-hungry and aggressive or worse. To a psychoanalyst like Anna Freud each development phase constructs on the previous one.She says that psychological disorders could be most in effect studied in its developmental and evolutionary phase. We must look at beginnings and end points of a clients life. She encouraged the observance of clients in their natural settings and then constructs the relationship with systematic observation from the consulting room. some other concrete phase was the relationship between the Therapist and the Patient. The therapists function, according to Adler, is not to treat mental ailment as is the case with psychoanalysis, but to divine the error in the patients way of life and lead him to greater maturity.To this end Adler introduced a number of diagnostic approaches. Among these, his theory of dreams, the meaning of early childhood recollections, and the role of line order in the family. Alfred Adler believed a great deal in the effect that birth order has on an individual. Adler believed that family constellation, where ones position was in birth order, played a crucial part in individual development. Adlerian therapy entails some(prenominal) stages.

Cash Cropping in Nepal Essay Example for Free

Cash Cropping in Nepal EssayOn an individual rank basis, tomatoes and potatoes were the most increasing, sensitivity analysis and scenarios suggest gamy variability and limited short-term bear upon on poverty anyeviation. Profitable. On a per farm basis, 50% of the households with positive farm gross margins grew at to the lowest degree one vegetable crop, plot of land only 25% of households with negative farm gross margins included vegetable crops in their rotation. Farmers have been hesitant to produce primarily for the market given the rudimentary infrastructure and high variability in prices.Farmers reported selling more crops, but when corrected for inflation, gross revenues declined over time. The be and benefits of developing markets have been unevenly distributed with sm totally holders unable to capitalize on market opportunities and wealthier farmers engaging in input intensive cash cropping. Farms growing vegetables had an average gross margin of US$137 per ye ar compared to US$12 per year for farms growing only staple crops.However, the area under production is small and, while vegetable production is likely to continue Key words Agriculture, Cash crops, Gross margin, Household economics, market place inequity, Poverty Introduction Cash cropping has been promoted by development specialists as a mechanism to alleviate inelegant poverty in countries such as Nepal. Programs have capitalized on existing transportation networks, the proximity to urban centers or niche markets (Panday, 1992). But there are concerns that agricultural commercialization by-passes the poor.The cash and land eccentric requirements of capital intensive farming may limit the capacity of poorer farmers to invest, while the risks associated with yield and price variability may limit their willingness to participate in commercial production Both the Agricultural Perspective fancy (APROSC, 1995) and the ninth National Plan (GON, 1998) of Nepal promote the intensification of agriculture and increased cash crop production. In the Mid-hills of Nepal mount Kathmandu, potato and tomato production have increased dramatically in the last 10 geezerhood (Brown and Shrestha, 2000).But, vegetable production is demanding of soil, water, and human resources. A systematic assessment of cash cropping is required to determine the impact on household well-being. The aims of this paper are five-fold 1) to determine the relative positivity of vegetable production in the Mid- hills of Nepal 2) to assess the economic impact of incorporating vegetables into the dominant cropping patterns 3) to analyze the variability between households 4) to assess the impact of fluctuations in price and 5) to evaluate temporal changes in household well-being with the incorporation of vegetable production.Methods The relative profitability of agricultural production between farms provides a mechanism to compare the economic status of farming households with alter cropping systems. An indication of the profitability of each farm can be obtained by computing gross margins, delineate as total croaks less total variable costs. Total returns are equal to the value of all crops produced (including crop residues), irrespective of whether the crop is sold. Total variable costs include the purchase of seed, fertilizer, and pesticides hiring oxen and all labor involved in cultivation activities.Labor includes the time spent in planting, irrigation, fertilizing, spraying, weeding, harvesting and transportation and selling and includes the opportunity cost of family labor. The gross margin can thus be viewed as the return to fixed costs (land and livestock) and management. Gross margin analysis, in this context, focuses on production or income with respect to agriculture. As it does not take into account the time value of money, gross margins are not sensitive to care rates, and are a good first approximation of financial feasi bility.