Kenesics Field Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kenesics Field Work - Essay Example You can consider a to be of hand motions as though saying â€Å"no, I’m not ready to give you my time†. Some different articulations from the imminent customers’ face would state, â€Å"No, I don’t much have time†, or â€Å"I don’t much need of what you may present to me now†, or â€Å"I’m on a surge or I’m unreasonably occupied until further notice, can we simply have another time?†. These are a portion of the likely words that are related with the non-verbal signals I frequently observe when the salesman attempts to associate somebody into his line of business. I realize it may be overwhelming or baffling on his part, if I somehow managed to rate it myself. All things considered, coming up next are the motions I saw that could be straightforwardly connected to his real movement for the entire day. The primary normal or I saw regularly even in innumerable number of developments every once in a while is the lifting of hand to a stop signal and moving and waving it in a manner either quick or moderate just to state legitimately â€Å"no†. I can detect the level of serious refusal when it is related with the appearance of the face. A harsh articulation is a direct â€Å"no†. These are warnings or signals on saying â€Å"no†. I additionally saw when the possibilities point to some place, as though saying â€Å"Look, I need to go there and I’m late† or â€Å"I need to have a break and in a rush for the time being, so I’m making a beeline for get up†. A few clients point to themselves, as though attempting to state â€Å"I believe am not prepared for this. See, I’m busy†. A few people would appear to remind the salesman that â€Å"look, I’m late†, pointing their eyes legitimately to the customer’s watch. A portion of the possibilities would even try to look some place, making an effort not to set up compatibility with the salesman. A few possibilities had the option to show that they feel ungainly being drawn nearer by another person. Some of them would seek after a development away from the sales rep, similar to a half-advance away for example, while the last is as yet attempting to

Essay Topics For College Applications

Essay Topics For College ApplicationsThere are several essay topics for college applications, but if you're a high school senior, you know that your college application is going to be the single most important part of your entire education. Many students neglect to devote a great deal of time and energy to this part of their application.The essay topics for college applications you submit to various colleges can have a profound effect on whether or not you get into the college of your choice. You will need to think hard about your essay topics and how to structure your essays in order to get the most out of the essay writing service you choose. It is necessary to read your essays carefully to make sure that you do not leave anything out.A very common mistake made by students submitting essay topics for college applications is procrastination. Students write essays, often forgetting that they are there to write an essay. Writing an essay is not an activity you should take up lightly. You should prepare yourself for what you will be doing and why it is important.The first thing to remember when writing essay topics for college applications is that you must not give too much away in your writing. Be as precise as possible in the information you provide. Your essay topic must be clear and concise and contain no gaps.Many students forget that the essay topics for college applications they submit are almost always reviewed by admissions officers. If you overlook some important points you will probably not be chosen for an interview with the admissions officer.Another important thing to remember when writing essay topics for college applications is that you must provide enough information for the admissions officer to be able to form an opinion about you. The admissions officer does not want to make an instant decision based on one or two sentences. So, you must present a compelling argument that helps them form a good impression of you.The three best essay topics for college applications are persuasive, factual, and persuasive. Each of these topics is important and each of them is used on more than one college application. If you use the three topics properly, you can get through the admissions process with flying colors.When preparing for essay topics for college applications, you must ensure that your essay is creative and not boring. You want to be able to impress the admissions officer when reviewing your essay. And, that impressiveness will probably be reciprocated by the admissions officer when he or she reads your essays.

A Comparison of the Heroes in Beowulf and Young Goodman...

Beowulf, a rousing Old English poem of man and monster, narrates the rise and fall of a superhuman hero named Beowulf. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† a short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne, also features a hero, Goodman Brown, a Puritan husband, who declines markedly in the story. Both are victimized by the same sin of pride which leads to a lessening of faith. In Beowulf, the main character, a Geat warrior named Beowulf, possesses extraordinary qualities: â€Å"He was the strongest of men alive in that day, mighty and noble.† Upon spotting Beowulf approaching, the sea-guard of the Danes says, â€Å"Never have I seen a greater man on earth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  King Hrothgar of the Danes says of Beowulf, â€Å"Seafarers who took gifts to the Geats say that he has†¦show more content†¦Beowulf’s example of extreme heroism motivates others to extraordinary deeds: Wiglaf, seeing Beowulf’s strength compromised by the dragon’s fire, risks his life to aid Beowulf in his final battle. It is obvious that the hero possesses superhuman qualities. As critic Donald fry states in TheBeowulf Poet: â€Å"Beowulf is †¦ one set aprt from ordinary men by his size, nobility, and splendid appearance† (Fry 3). In the first part of the poem there is no questioning of ethical standards of the hero by the author. In the first part Beowulf puts his trust in God, and gives himself in selfless service to his fellow-man, to people in need, and to his king. He distributes very generously almost all the gifts received for services rendered at Heorot. His death in combat in Denmark would have brought no calamity to others. But later in the poem, with 50 years of kingship behind him, Beowulf had a huge responsibility to his nation. And he let his nation down. How did it happen? First of all, he discontinued his acknowledgement of God as the source of his strength and good fortune in combat (Who made available to him the sword for killing Grendel’s mother?). Secondly, the hero becomes more selfish in the second part of the poem: As Beowulf goes to meet the dragon, does he mention the

Volcanic and Extrusive Igneous Rocks

Treatment Of Metastatic Squamous Non Small Cell Lung Cancer

Opdivo (nivolumab) Opdivo (nivolumab); Bristol-Myers Squibb; For the treatment of metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer, Approved March 2015 WEDNESDAY, March 4, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of Opdivo (nivolumab) has been expanded to include advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the agency said Wednesday in a news release. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States, having been diagnosed more than 224,000 times and causing more than 159,000 deaths in 2014, the FDA said. NSCLC is the most common type, affecting seven of eight people with lung cancer. Opdivo inhibits a protein that prevents the immune system from attacking cancer cells, the agency said. The drug is sanctioned for people who have been treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Opdivo was clinically compared to another anti-cancer drug, docetaxel, in a study involving more than 270 people with NSCLC. People who received Opdivo lived an average of 3.2 months longer than people given docetaxel, the FDA said. The most common side effects of Opdivo are fatigue, shortness of breath, muscle and bone pain, loss of appetite, cough, nausea and constipation. More severe adverse effects included immune reactions involving healthy organs, including the lungs, colon, liver, kidneys and hormone-producing glands. Opdivo was approved previously to treat advanced melanoma among people who don t respond to other medicines. ( FDA Expands ApprovedShow MoreRelatedAnatomy Carcinoma Of Lung / Skull Metastasis1226 Words   |  5 PagesStudy-Anatomy-Carcinoma of lung w/ skull metastasis Abstract Squamous cell carcinoma represents 30% of all lung carcinomas. A carcinomas is cancer that appears in the epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue is mostly found in the lining of your organs, like the esophagus. Squamous cell carcinoma, or SqCc for short, is known to produce malignant tumours in the brain parenchyma. There has been a case of SqCc that has impacted the parietal bone. An 80 year old Australian man was admitted with a rare form of metastatic carcinomaRead MoreMonoclonal Antibodies Are An Essential Tool For Medicine1787 Words   |  8 Pagesantibody which is created from identical immune cells that happen to be clones from a unique parent cell. Typically, monoclonal antibodies are the product of the fusion between a mouse’s spleen cells injected with desired antigens and myeloma cells. These fused hybrid cells are able to work together due to the spleen cell providing hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT), while the myeloma cell has traits that are similar to a cancer cell that makes it immortal. This mixture createsRead MoreHow Metastasis Is An Complex Process1570 Words   |  7 Pagesprocess. A sequence of steps is executed by a cancer cell to successfully form distant colonies at a secondary site. 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The second major type is the Small-cell lung cancer which includes these cancers; oat cell, intermediate and combined, all of whichRead MoreUnusual Presentation Of Metastatic Sebaceous Carcinoma2680 Words   |  11 PagesCASE REPORT Unusual presentation of metastatic sebaceous carcinoma and its response to chemotherapy: is genotyping a right answer for guiding chemotherapy in rare tumours? V. Kumar MD* and Y. Xu MD PhD†  METASTATIC SEBACEOUS CARCINOMA: PRESENTATION AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Kumar and Xu Correspondence to: Vivek Kumar, Department of Medicine, 4802 10th Avenue, Floor 3, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11219 U.S.A. E-mail: vivkumar@maimonidesmed.org :: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/co.22.2467Read MoreThe Expression Of Empiric Classic Emt Structural And Mesenchymal Biomarkers1466 Words   |  6 Pagesactivation, and also vascular changes, in matching large and small airways from smoking (current or recently quit) patients with airflow obstruction (CAL). We have previously demonstrated that in large airway biopsies from smokers compared to normal control tissue, epithelial activation, EMT biomarkers and related classic structural changes are highly expressed, and that these changes are greatest in those with COPD [12]. Here we show that small airways from this group of CAL patients also demonstratedRead MoreLung Cancer1571 Words   |  7 PagesLung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, according to the World Health Organisation. In the UK, it s the second most-frequently occurring cancer among men (after prostate cancer), accounting for 1 in 7 new cases, and the third most -frequently diagnosed cancer in women (after breast and bowel cancer) accounting for about 1 in 9 new cases. However, numbers have dropped considerably in recent times, by about 16% in the last decade alone. Dr Patrisha Macnair last medically reviewed

2009 Sayanoâ€Shushenskaya power station accident case study free essay sample

1.Introduction 1.1.Brief Dam Description Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power Station was biggest hydroelectric power station ever built in Russia history, and also the sixth biggest in the worth, which is located on the Yenisei River, near Sayanogorsk in Khakassia.[3]The plant operated ten hydro turbines, made total 6,400 MW of output, average annual produced 23.5 TWH,which peaked in 2006 at 26.8TWH. Its arch gravity dam is 246 meters high ,1,066 meters long, and 110 meters of base width. [10]In addition, it was built strong enough to withstand earthquakes of up to 8 on Richter scale. 1.2.Regional Powerhouse Background[3] RusHydro Public Corp, owner of the dam, is the leading power company in Russia as private sector, although most of its shares owned by Russian government. It was first established in December 2004 and become second-largest hydroelectric power company in the world. The energy generated by SSH was about 25% of RusHydro energy production for Russia and Siberia. On top of that,70% of Rushydro energy contribute to aluminum production of the world through United company Rusal’s aluminum smelters. We will write a custom essay sample on 2009 Sayano–Shushenskaya power station accident case study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1.3.Follow The Timeline[3] Accident of august 17 wasn’t first big accident at SSH.From 1978 to 1987,all 10 units of turbine were placed into operation in turn. [10]In March 1979,with Unit 1 and Unit 2 already in operation, a large spring flood overfilled the reservoir and rushed over the running generators and transformers. After 4 months damages were recovered and the units were restarted. There were also two more spring flood attacks in 1985 and 1988 respectively. 2 2.Throughout The Disaster[1] 2.1.Power Plant Operation Before Disaster[3] August 16,2009. As usual generating schedule practices, all possible units at SSH were online and providing the grid with baseload and regulating power, including Unit 2. Meanwhile, Bratsk hydro plant ,which is located 500 miles to the northeast was operating in regulating mode under the control of automactic load-frequency control system(ALFCS), which is overseen by Siberian Unified Dispatching Control Center(UDCC). At 8:31pm,fire alarm tripped at Bratsk plant. Fire compromised communication lines connecting Bratsk and Siberian UDCC and disabled regulating mode.UDCC ordered SSH to replace Bratsk in providing load frequency regulation. SSH staff executed order and put most SSH units under direct control of ALFCS at Siberian UDCC. At 11:14pm UDCC decided to start unit 2 which was originally in reserve state to provide power regulating services. 2.2.The Beginning Of Disaster[3] On August 17 2009,Units 1,2,4,5,7,and 9 were in regulation mode with Units 3,8,and 10 generating baseload power while Unit 6 was undergoing maintenance and not in operation. Normally 12 operators only staffed the turbine gallery, but this day more than 100 workers present performing repair work. All SSH units were operating with a power setting out of recommended zone as per their turbines specifications, producing excessive vibration. Unit 2 as result of pushed back into service made extraordinarily high level of vibration as well as dangerous level. The technician in shift could feel the vibration of roof, as it grew louder and turned into thunderous roar, who scrambled off the roof immediately. [4]At 8:13am, two massive explosion taken place consecutively and room went black out, according to security guard Aleksandr Kataytsev who was one level below turbine hall. 2.3.During The Disaster First, the 1860 tons turbine cover was blown off, leaving the Unit 2 turbine in its pit with its wicket gate and head gate opened. At 212 m water head pressure from the dam ejected turbine rotor from the pit as it was continuing to spin and flew across the gallery, further destroyed the surroundings. [4]The penstock water geysered out of vacant shaft at a rate of 67600 gallons per second acted as massive industrial waterjet cut through metal joists ,thus collapsed the roof. The water flood pits of nearby units causing further turbine failures. Electrical short circuits forced all units to emergency shut down along with in house power supply system. Due to power failure ,plant’s automatic safety system failed to shut down Units 7 and 9, for which still operated at full speed ,in excess of 142rpm, triggering the crackling short circuits and explosion in their vicinity. Related scene had been captured into cell phone camera video. 3 2.4.People On The Scene Water was washing away people form turbine gallery into the Yenisei river. Some of them were later caught and rescued, but unfortunately some were not. [3]The staff later learned that proper emergency exits didn’t exist. Water continued to pour into the hall, flooding lower levels and eventually submerged other Units. As the water lever rose, employees stampeded toward the main entrance. Fearing a total collapse of the dam ,many phoned relatives downstream and urged them to seek shelters. [4]Even among the fleeing workers were supervisors in charge of safety and emergencies, which added to the confusion and chaos. Others led employees to safety using cell phones as flashlights. Except for Unit 5 gate, the remaining 8 units ‘s wicket and head gates could not be closed remotely. SSH chief engineer later ordered to close all head gates manually. At 9:30 a.m, five men struggled to work in the dark with flashlight, managed to seal all the gates successfully. The work had been toughened where no keys available for head gates control room, so metal doors had to be smashed. 2.5.After The Disaster Within first hours after accident, the Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense directed rescuers from across the country to SSH for finding and rescuing survivors.Withing 24 hours, more than 1500 rescue workers arrived and began working. Fourteen survivors were rescued the operation. Rescue teams also used special chemical by helicopters to congeal industrial oil spread to the river, and removed them from water afterwards. Environmental damage caused by these oil spills was minimized. 4 3.Root Cause Investigation 3.1.Unit 2 Turbine Defects After accident, Russia’s Federal Service for Ecological,Technologica, and Nuclear Supervision (Rostekhnadzor) launched an investigation. [2]Official report was released on Oct.3. According to the report, Unit 2 started having problems shortly after its installation due to defects in its seals and shaft vibrations. The cavities and crack on the turbine wheel were completely reconditioned in 2000. [5]Nevertheless, it continued to have problems and underwent further repairs in 2005 and 2009. [4]From January to March 2009, repairs were conducted and new automatic control system was installed as well. On March 16, the repaired turbine resumed operation but didn’t work right. The amplitude of the machine’s vibrations increased to an unsafe level between April and July. The unit was taken offline until Aug 16 when it was pushed into service again by managers of SSH. Manufacturer of turbine, St.Petersburg metalworks gave the units a 30 years service life. Unit 2 ‘s age on day of disaster was 29 years and 10 month, which almost end its lifespan. 3.2.Unit 2 Anchoring System Failure[3] Back in operation before the time of accident, log data showed that Unit 2 turbine bearing vibration increased by factor of four within this period. It had been operating for a long period of time with the vibration level far exceeded the maximum acceptable vibration level. Visible cracks showing the propagation of fatigue cracks in attachments points of Unit 2 cover were plainly visible. After all, equipment fatigue, especially in turbine anchor bolts had been formed by excessive vibration from turbine cycling and imbalance over an extended period of time, and lead to catastrophe. 3.3.Poor Management System[6] 3.3.1.Management Team Wrong Judgement Beside technical flaw, management also held responsibility on disaster .Report issued from Russian Federal Service on October 3, 2009 blamed six official who were â€Å"conductive to the disaster†, including Anatoly Chubais, former CEO of Unified Energy Systems(UES).According to his statement posted on his website, he went on to say that the plant had been running for more than 20 years when he signed the papers and he was under pressure to make those decisions in 2000 because shutting down equipment while waiting for maintenance funding would have â€Å"meant a catastrophe for the economy of Siberia and millions of residents there.† 5 3.3.2.Negligence Ignoring to Potential Risk From July 2008 until the accident, RusHydro was managed by Vasily Zubakin, who was included in the â€Å"List of persons bearing responsibility for accident disaster prevention on Sayano-Shushenskaya† along with 18 other RusHydro executives. They were blamed for made decisions affecting the stability and security of the plant’s operation ,since the accident that were in the making for a long time, was not first time accident ever occurred in SSH. Yet the management didn’t take appropriate action on precaution measure. [3]For example, after repeatedly annual spring floods attack on 1979,1985 and 1998 ,there was a report issued by Russian Emergency Situations Ministry showed that dam walls may not be capable of withstanding pressures result from annual spring floods, yet no significant flood control structures to be constructed upstream to blunt the force of those floods. 3.3.3.No Disaster Drill or Proper Training for St aff As mentioned above, when disaster happened there was a commotion in among the employees. Most workers were fleeing included the supervisors in charge of safety and emergencies, which added to the confusion. On the fourth floor, shell-shocked midlevel operators telephoned up the chain of command for a contingency plan. All these situations proved that there wasn’t any training or drill had been held before to further staff ‘s knowledge in terms of emergency handling and safety. 3.4. Design Error of Power Plant As water level rose in turbine gallery ,employees found nowhere to escape but have to rush to main entrance. There were no any emergency exits equipped in turbine gallery. As a result, some were washed away to the river. An order to close all head gates manually by chief engineer were executed by five men. The dangerous task had been delayed and complicated due to no keys available for the room where head gate were located and need to smash the metal doors. 3.5.Financial Problems Due to budget constraints ,maintenance works couldn’t be carried out and obsolete equipment wasn’t be replaced. For examples, generators breakers were obsolete and not reliable, cracked turbine blades were not repaired or replaced. Unit 2 at the end of useful life was pushed into service again instead of replacement . Insufficient funds made it impossible to have equipment shut down while waiting for maintenance funding, which contributed to management difficulties in making decisions during emergency high demand of power. For the same reason, cost-cutting on safety had been implemented to offset budget deficit. 6 4.The Consequences[8] 4.1.The Dead and Injured According to official report, the accident led to numerous fatalities ( 75 dead, 13 injured).At the time of the accident in the territory of the SSH there were about 300 people, including repair and hired staff, most of them were workers who were working either on turbine gallery or in the flooded rooms. 4.2.Environmental Impact[8] A day after the accident, the Natural Resources Ministry of Russia claimed that an industrial oil spillage caused by disaster had spread over 80 km along the Yenisei River. The oil, used as an insulator and coolant in the plant’s transformers was released when one of the transformers exploded. According to Mikhail Kreyndlin, project director at Greenpeace Russia, told Ria Novosti that the transformer oil is low-density distillate which doesn’t sink to the bottom of river but remain as the film on surface, posing severe threat to fish by suffocations. As the matter of fact, more than 100 metric tons of oil were released and killed 400 tons of fish in downstream trout farm. It had made one of the biggest environmental scandal in the news. 4.3.Damages Cost[8] [9] [10] 4.3.1.Equipments damage cost All of the technological systems were flooded and damaged to different degrees. Cable tunnels and galleries of the tailrace in the area of generators 2, 7 ,and 9 collapsed, along with short circuit, air oil tanks displaced, and other materials. The surge of water caused electric and mechanical damage of different extents to all ten units. As per official report, materials ,spare parts and equipment cost 42.76 million rubles, transport services (including flights) was 44.68 million rubles, the collection of oily waste was 70.1 million rubles. Reconstruction of SSH plant with ten new units was expected to take about 4 years and cost about 37 billion rubles. 4.3.2.Economic damage [2] [8] The disaster had also made great impact on economic ,like contingency business interruption losses for aluminum smelters, which raised the international aluminum supply availability issue. There were approximately 500,000 tons of aluminum output losses due to the power shortage. On top of that, shut down of power plant will push up market prices in Siberia’s grid. 7 In term of energy losses,10% of Russia electricity had gone. Nedootpusk electricity for 2009 had been reduced by 8897.99 million kw.hour and Nedovyrabotka was 8950 million kw.hour. Electricity prices increased after the disaster. On top of that, trading suspended for 2 days at the Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange. Compensation of 1 million rubles paid to each victim’s family and 100,000 rubles to each survivor. The community where most of the workers were housed was flooded and destroyed and being rebuilt. 5.Improvements and Prevention It’s been over a year since the terrible accident at Russia’s SSH. Based on root cause of the accident ,we can take precautionary measure and do improvement to avoid similar thing happen again in future. 5.1.Emphasize Security Sense 5.1.1.Employees Before accident, most employees showed lack of recognition of hazard, such as ignoring the aging equipment and reluctant to complain or bring up concerns .This phenomenon actually can be overcome by providing training and implementing â€Å"reward system†. Through the training , criteria can be set to let employees know when it has crossed the â€Å" need repair â€Å" stage vs â€Å"need shutdown† mode. Beside enhance their knowledge on daily use equipments , importance of safety also can be emphasized. For example, operation drill can be carried out from time to time to have them learn what actions need to be taken and what are the impacts if equipment failed. Reward system is like a campaign which encourage employees to take part in maintaining safety. For example, some riddles or mini games with appropriate prizes will do .Reward also given to them who dares to voice out their finding on safety issues, which proved to be helpful. 5.1.2.Management One of the management mistake found in disaster was the culture that places more value on the economics of power production than on human and plant equipment safety. This should be changed right from top of management to the bottom, start from mindset of directors to the implementation of policy than execution of standard operation procedures. As example, if a director prioritized safety , he will give order to subordinate officers to propose a plan which is safety related, and executed by the rest and so on. Therefore the appointment of top management such as CEO or General manager become very important issue which can’t be underestimated. 8 5.2.Equipment Improvement The plant must also install modern real-time vibration monitoring systems on each unit and have unambiguous rules for their use that do not depend on operator interaction to shut down a malfunctioning unit. Normal and emergency electric supply systems must be separated at all levels to the extent of cable routing. Critical parts list must be updated from time to time. Conclusion Similar accident is likely to occur again in future, at somewhere people putting economic concerns before human life safety factors. If it is not safe, if there is potential risk of failure, all other benefits , be they economic or environmental or anything else will be gone. As a well trained and vigilant organization which can handle any crisis or disaster in a better way, it must have disaster management plan .Regular drills and training programs ,regular preventive maintenance checks, a list of do’s and don’ts during emergency to be displayed at key locations and etc must be included in plan. A questioning and learning attitude is essential to continue improving the high level of safety standards and their effective implementation. 9 References 1. Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power Station Accident .Available from :http://engineeringfailures.org/?p=703#sthash.DfjpOMJd.dpuf (March 17,2012) 2. (Official Report)The Act of technical investigation into the causes of accidentat the Sayano-Shushenskaya HYDROELECTRIC STATION. Available from: http://engineeringfailures.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Sayano-Shushenskaya-Hydroelectric-Station-Accident-Report.pdf (August 17, 2009) 3. Investigating the Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydro Power Plant Disaster. Available from:http://www.powermag.com/investigating-the-sayano-shushenskaya-hydro-power-plant-disaster/?pagenum=1 (January 12,2010)

False Information on the Internet free essay sample

Nowadays, there is a lot of information that are provided on the internet that is not accurate and some find it as a false statement. This trend has created various kind of impact especially on the researchers who relies much on the internet and tends to believe everything that has been published on the screen as they make the internet as their first sources. The impact will be on their result of research and it will change their belief as well. For example, when an internet user read some information on the internet regarding to a world disaster, they will then spread it and chaos may occur among them. People who receive such information have to face the consequences while a person who spreads the false information got nothing to lose. This study is not just the awareness of using the false information but also to aware those people who use the internet to publish any false information on the internet. We will write a custom essay sample on False Information on the Internet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How their act will bring harm and damages in any way to human being. 1. 2Problem Statements The awareness of false information on the internet has various benefits in any aspects such as education, economy, communication and many more. For example, in education aspect, we find that most students do their research on the internet instead of books. Therefore, they need to be teaching how to avoid from facing such matter and relying too much on the information that are provided on the internet. Besides that, students can be taught on how to be familiar with information that is whether the information is false or fact. However, this teaching can be challenging as students have been used the internet as a source of information since the internet have been expose to them. Therefore, it is important that students understand and aware of the false information on the internet because it has in some way influenced all of this nation’s all industries, and it will continue to permeate the issues of tomorrow. According to an in-depth study by the American Society of Newspaper Editors (1991), 23 percent of the public find factual errors in the news stories of their daily paper at least once a week while more than a third of the public, 35 percent see spelling or grammar mistakes in their newspaper more than once a week. The study also found that 73 percent of adults in America have become more skeptical about the accuracy of their news. Due to the false information on the internet, many people believe something that did not happen and will not happen. These two events are one of the information that is not true at all. There are people who do not read the paper in the morning any more. They are reading the e-paper. Even in the morning they are sitting in front of the computer and not talking to each other while drinking a cup of tea. In the future there will be more and more e-papers and the newspapers will disappear. Some are beginning to talk to their computer but they are not any more able to talk to each other. While chatting in the internet you are frequently using abbreviations, uncompleted sentences and so on. This leads to speaking disabilities in everyday life. (Ukowitz, n. d) As for the person who is always distributing false information on the internet, they will get their consequences. According to Cyber Law of Malaysia, false information is a person who makes, orally or in writing, signs or furnishes any declaration, return, certificate or other document or information required under this Act which is untrue, inaccurate or misleading in any particular commits an offence and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years or both. In addition, Davis (1991) stated that anyone can put anything on the internet and seemingly does. Often, one cannot be sure of the reliability of the information provided. Reliability diminishes exponentially as information is passes from user to user and e-mail list to e-mail list until it acquires a degree of legitimacy by virtue of its widespread dissemination and constant repetition. However, according to Seib (2001), the easiest way to fix a mistake is simply to erase it and replace it with correct information. That is a temptation unique to electronic publication, since there is no â€Å"original† version in the print or video archives. This is fine for readers who come to the site after the correction has been made. But failure to post a formal notice of correction implies that there was never an error, and that is less than honest. Consistent with this problem, there was a case of inaccurate information that affecting people thought on the news that had been published on the internet. According to O’Leary (2002), what may be hard for mainstream journalists, to understand is that, in crisis situations, the social functions of rumor are virtually distinguishable from the social functions of ‘real news’. People spread news via the Net for the same reason that they read their papers or tune into CNN: they are trying to make sense of their world. Many researchers have done this topic and are quite known among the internet users. However, in Malaysia, the research is in a small amount of it. Thus, this study will increase up the interest of the researcher to study and explore more on this issue. Understanding the problem which is false information on the internet is an important key for the students to ensure that they can get the best information and sources. Due to this problem, this study seeks to investigate the awareness of false information on the internet that among the students in Kuala Lumpur Infrastructure University College (KLIUC). 1. 3Research Objectives Main Objectives: (i)To investigate the awareness of false information on the internet among the students in KLIUC. Specific Objectives: (i)To identify the reasons that lead to false information on the internet. (ii)To examine the problem and how to avoid from getting a false information on the internet among KLIUC students. 1. 4Research Questions This study was design to address the following research question: 1. Does the student in KLIUC aware about the false information on the internet? 2. Does the student in KLIUC still depend on the information that is provided on the internet even though they know there is false information on the internet? 3. Does the student in KLIUC contribute themselves in this kind of activity which are publishing false information on the internet? 1. 5Significance of the Study It is hoped that this research will be beneficial for: 1. The researcher, that it will gain her knowledge deals with information about a various reasons and consequences due to false information on the internet problem among students. By conducting this research, it will also help the researcher to understand whether the respondents are aware of this matter or not. 2. To other researcher, this research will also help the other researchers to add their knowledge about false information on the internet among students. Besides that, this research will also help them to get some information in order to expand their ideas regarding to this topic. This study has added to our knowledge concerning false information on the internet by emphasizing about the proof and example that can affect the research finding. . To students, this research will gain their knowledge regarding to false information impact on their studies which is it will affect their research and assignments. Based on the information, the students may be able to identify false information on the internet and to overcome this problem to get a smooth research on the internet. 4. To readers, this research will enlarge their knowledge deal with the false informa tion on the internet so that they can avoid when they want to find information from a certain sources. In addition, they will aware and otified of the existence of false information act in order to protect themselves from being a victim. 1. 6Scope of Study (i)This study is a concentration on the problems that already recognized and faced by the researcher. (ii)The respondents consist of the students from KLIUC only. (iii)The location of this study will be conducting in Kuala Lumpur Infrastructure University College, Kajang. 1. 7Definition of Terms †¢False information According to Floridi (n. d), information as an instance of semantic information it must be true, meaningful well-formed data. False information that is misinformation is not actually information. †¢Internet Huber (1995) stated that we can describe the Internet as a system operating in a certain environment. The internet can be described as a communication system, consisting of certain components between which certain interactions are observable to an observer. The environment provides a structural coupling between the Net and its support from the environment. The environment â€Å"holds† the system and provides the relevant resources and supports to maintain the systems functions. †¢Awareness According to Duval (1972), awareness can be defined as considers the conditions which cause the consciousness to focus on the self as an object. Thus, it shows that how students these days depend too much on the internet as a source of information. It is easy for them to be a victim of false information that is published on the internet. Despite that, they can also be one of them who publish the false information on the internet intentionally. This research is design to address the reason why false information on the internet occur and exist. 2. 2 Literature Review This literature review examines the reasons that lead to false information on the internet. They are the need for speed, the desire to attract hits, political gains and attraction to scandal. The definition and the concept of this research are defined from the previous research and cases that are related to this study 2. 2. 1 The Need for Speed As Seib (n. d) notes, in the current information age, the deadline for reporters is always ‘now’ (p. 142). As we all know, information on the internet is always the latest. Therefore, they can always publish any information on it even though the information is untrue or false as people depending too much on the internet they forgot to go through it and compare it to the local newspaper or article or even books. Thus, the reason why false information exist is because it is 24/7 compare to other sources. Despite that, according to Drudge’s Site, it focuses instead on immediacy and believes that the Web encourages this type of reporting (Hall, 2002, p. 148). Therefore, the reason why this people or in specifically journalist published false information on the internet is because people put pressure on them. It doesn’t matter whether the information is true not, it has to be there. 2. 2. 2 The Desire to Attract Hits Competition among Web sites is also a cause for some false reports. Web sites must fill the desires of consumers, or risk losing those consumers to other sites that either get the information first or are even more sensational in their reporting. Hall argues that journalism on the Web has promoted the idea that news is ‘infotainment’ and more at the mercy of the demands of the marketplace than to its audiences (Hall, 2001, p. 155). Thus, we can see that they published false information on their website just to attract people to read it. They never bother about the consequences that the readers or we can also call consumers can get if they read it. The simple thing to say is that whoever publishes any false information on the internet is the attention seeker. 2. 2. 3 Political Gains Political issues can be also one of the reasons why false information on the internet exists. People even students themselves eager to know what is the ‘hot’ story regards to their favorite politician. Recently, there was news where a 12 years old boy tends to join a democracy of Anwar Ibrahim’s trial. Despite that, not just the readers but the politicians himself tend to post any false information of their opponents just to get a vote or an attention. There was a cases that related to this study where even after four investigations came to the same conclusions about Vince Foster’s death, certain political groups were still spreading false reports in order to promote their own cause. For example, a fund-raising letter sent out by anti-Clinton groups asked for $1,000 donations in order to support the â€Å"Clinton Investigation Commission† which would investigate the claim that Foster was murdered (Piacente, 1997). 2. 2. 4 Attraction to Scandal Nowadays, people would prefer something that is interesting instead of fact. News, and specifically news on the Web, is often led by scandal and the concept of the spectacular rather than issues of depth (Hall, 2001, p. 137). As we can see, people tend to spread an information that we might found it false at the end of the day instead of spreading an information that we know it is a fact. The competition between sites on the Web and the ability for consumers to move rapidly between those sites furthers the need for reporters to lead with scandal in order to catch consumers’ attention. This desire for the spectacular, along with an emphasis on scandal, often leads to other false information or reports on the internet. . 3 Theory Related to Study 2. 3. 1 Media Dependency Theory Media Dependency Theory is a theory proposed by Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin DeFleur in 1976 which stated the more dependent an individual is on the media for having his or her needs fulfilled, the more important the media will be to that person. In this research, the media depe ndency theory supports the explanation of how people depend too much on the media as a source of information. Therefore, they tend believe anything that is published on the internet even the information is untrue. . 3. 2 Internet Theory Internet Theory is a theory studied by Hans Dieter Huber in 1995 which stated that internet is a system and also a medium of communication. In this research, the internet theory supports the explanation of how internet can be a medium between people and information. It shows that people use the internet as to seek for any information they want to such as news, entertainment, education and many more. is more focus on people’s perceptions and also opinion on the issue which is false information on the internet. It is not just about the amount of person but also the idea of that person on the awareness of false information on the internet. This study is focus on ‘why’ does the issue occur. Besides that, this study is also to analyze the respondent’s feedback on the false information on the internet. This study is also to analyze the differences point on view on the study among KLIUC students. This study will be using both the open-ended and open-ended questionnaire based on the type of question that would be asked. 3. 2Population and Sample 3. 2. 1Population The research will be conducted at KLIUC, Kajang. The students had been chosen as the respondent for this study. They will be given a questionnaire about this topic. The total populations of KLIUC’s students are about 3,500 students. 3. 2. 2Sampling The sampling procedures are using the purposive sampling which the respondents have an equal chance to being selected to participate in this research. This sampling is selected because this research focused on the view of the overall students in KLIUC on the awareness of the false information on the internet. 3. 3Data Collection Procedure A structured of questionnaire will be developed as the mode of data collection. The questionnaire is personally delivered to the respondents by hand and the respondents will be given about 15 minutes to answer the questions. Participants will be approach and on their voluntary as there will be no incentive for completion offered. In addition, information will be collected to support the data through literature review.