Competitive Review of PepsiCo Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Competitive Review of PepsiCo - Term Paper Example PepsiCo is one of the biggest soft drink, beverage, and convenient snacks companies. Pepsi has been bringing refreshments to its customers for over 100 years. It has almost 18 brands in its portfolio. The soft drink and beverage market is highly competitive with changing customer tastes and preferences and therefore to maintain sustainable growth the management constantly has to introduce new marketing strategies, conduct market research and thereby position and reposition their brands or introduce new brands. Introduction of new brands has always been a favorite marketing strategy with PepsiCo management.    Pepsi has 18 mega brands available in nearly 200 countries and generates sales at the retail level of more than $1 billion. (See appendix 2 for PepsiCo mega brands and annual retail sales of each) Demand for non-alcoholic beverages is driven by consumer tastes and demographics. The profitability of individual companies depends on effective marketing. Large manufacturers have economies of scale in production and distribution, with average annual revenue per production worker close to $1 million. Small companies can compete by producing new products, catering to local tastes, or selling at lower prices.    Coca Cola is the world’s number 1 producer of carbonated soft drinks is Pepsi’s biggest rival. In the soft drinks industry, Coca Cola and Pepsi together have a market share of 95%. Where Coca Cola has a market share of 43.1% and Pepsi has a market share of 39.2%.    The target customers for Pepsi customers are mostly teens and young adults between the ages of 12 to 35 who are fast and lively. They have high expectations in life and are very mobile and active. Pepsi promotes itself as the choice of the â€Å"New Generation†.   One of its recent advertisement slogans is â€Å"Taste the one that's forever young ". â€Å"According to the Competitive Advantage model of Porter, a competitive strategy takes offensive or defensive action to create a defendable position in an industry, in order to cope successfully with competitive forces and generate a superior Return on Investment†(competitive advantage Porter).

The KBR Swindon Essay Example for Free

The KBR Swindon Essay INTRODUCTION The KBR Swindon warehouse facility is responsible for the receipt, storage, maintenance and out-loading of equipment in support of KBR global contracts. It is also the long-term storage and logistic facility for UK KBR based projects. The Warehouse Manager has overall Health and Safety responsibility for all the projects working out of this facility. The Swindon Safety Management System is based on BS OHSAS 18001:2007 certification. As part of KBR Management System review, the Swindon Warehouse completes quarterly Project Status Review (PSR) to feed information in to the overall KBR management system review. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this report is to ensure that all projects working in this facility are in compliance with the KBR Health and Safety management system and is meeting legal requirements. This report will also provide an opportunity to review the effective communication and cooperation between different projects sharing one facility and identify the effectiveness of the management system, conclusions, recommendations and an action plan if improvements are required. METHODOLOGY The methodology of this audit is to review the policies, objectives and management system of the KBR Swindon warehouse facility for the safe receipt, storage and maintenance of equipment. This will entail reviewing the implementations of risk assessments, communications between the management and the workforce which includes compliance with current legislation, KBR Instructions and Procedures, various safety meetings and the KBR Safety Policy. The documentation that will be used in the audit will include: The warehouse Health and Safety plan to ensure that there is management commitment to health and safety in the warehouse. Emergency procedures to ensure suitable and sufficient procedures are in place in case of an emergency. Minutes of meetings to review whether Health and Safety concerns are being discussed and review the outcome and corrective actions. Accident records to assess whether there are any trends and significant near miss incidents. Risk assessments to ensure that all risks has been assessed and that mitigation measures put in place is suitable and sufficient to control the risk as low as reasonably practicable. Method statements to ensure that the tasks are being conducted in a safe manner. Training records to ensure that all employees and visitors are aware of the Health and Safety arrangements. DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANISATION The building is a large 240,000ft2 open-plan warehouse containing two-storey offices on the North end of the warehouse. The warehouse also has 2 integral two-storey offices, welfare and canteen units. The warehouse is a rented facility and the Warehouse Manager has regular meetings with the landlord representative to deal with issues regarding the fabric of the buildings, services and surrounding hard standing within the tenanted estate. The occupancy of the warehouse consists of six KBR staff including the warehouse manager. Approximately five agency employees are used dependant on the activities scheduled for the week. Main work patterns for the warehouse staff are to move the equipment in to the testing area, test the equipment,  clean and fix any defective equipment to ensure the readiness for deployment. The main risks to the warehouse staff include forklift truck operations, manual handling and mechanical hazards working with power tools. In addition, the offices at the warehouse are used as a call centre which is completely separate from the work being conducted in the storage facility. This is a secure access area and is set up in an open-plan office environment with approximately 30 desks. This call centre is manned 24 hours a day and will always have a minimum of 2 occupants. However, occupancy could increase to 30 for training days, interviews and meetings. The main risks to the call centre operators are Work Related Upper Limb Disorders as a result of poor ergonomics and lone working hazards. LEGAL ENVIRONMENT There is no Health and Safety Executive (HSE) or Environmental Agency (EA) censures or improvement notices placed on the site by the HSE or EA. Pertinent hazards addressed by risk assessments at this facility are categorised below. There is a duty on the Warehouse manager to ensure that adequate arrangements are in place for work equipment as described in The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER). A lot of different types of machinery will be used in the warehouse area which the warehouse manager will need to ensure complies with the PUWER before they are commissioned for use. Regulations 4 to 10 sets out the management duties of PUWER covering the selection of suitable equipment, maintenance, inspection, specific risks, information, instructions and training. Seeing as the equipment has been bought second hand, it will need to be inspected by a competent person, producing a risk assessment and providing information, instruction and training to all warehouse staff on the use of the machinery. Regulations 11 to 24 of PUWER cover guarding of dangerous parts of work equipment, the provision of appropriate stop and emergency stop controls, stability, suitable and sufficient lighting and suitable warning markings or devices. The inspection of machinery will identify dangerous parts of the equipment  and the warehouse manager will need to ensure that the guards are fitted to the machines before the machines are commissioned. The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) apply in relation to all work activities undertaken by KBR where lifting equipment and operations as defined by the regulations are used. This legislation expands on the general requirements of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and complements the requirements of the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER). KBR has a duty under these regulations in situations where lifting equipment is used by employees at work, to ensure that the lifting equipment and associated lifting operations are carried out safely. In addition, persons who have any control of lifting operations, or who supervise or manage the use of lifting equipment also have a duty under the Regulations, but only to the extent of their control. LOLER requires the Warehouse manager to conduct a risk assessment on the forklift trucks which will be used inside the warehouse and the measures needed to eliminate or control the ris ks. Regulation 6 of the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 and its supporting Approved Code of Practice (ACOP) provides the warehouse manager with general requirements about ventilation of the warehouse and equipment used to ventilate the warehouse. Regulation 7 of The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) requires the warehouse manager to prevent or control the exposure of employees to substances hazardous to their health. Compliance with this Regulation is particularly important as incident reports from the warehouse has indicated a near miss incident where an employee took receipt of a delivery and spilled a chemical due to poorly packaged bottles. If any of the risk assessments identifies that personal protection is required, then the Warehouse manager will need to ensure that personal protection equipment (PPE) is provided in accordance with the Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992. The Warehouse manager needs to ensure that a stock of PPE is available for visitors and employees who do  not have the right PPE when entering the warehouse. The Warehouse manager also has a duty under The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (RRFSO) to conduct a suitable and sufficient Fire Risk Assessment and to ensure that Fire safety arrangements are in place to elimination or reduction of risks from dangerous substances. The warehouse manager faces the challenge to manage both the warehouse and the call centre employees during an emergency. Under the same regulations the Warehouse manager should ensure means are available for fire-fighting and fire detection and that there are adequate emergency routes and exits from the warehouse. KBR will have generally assessed fire evacuation routes, means of detection and raising the alarm at all of its sites. Details of these arrangements are usually contained in the fire risk assessments kept at each site. KBR managers are required to do the following to maintain fire prevention measures: Ensure that a suitable fire risk assessment is in place. Ensure that any actions arising from external inspections are acted upon in an appropriate and timely manner. Often this will mean monitoring improvements to be carried out by the client, and in all cases will require the addition of information to local health, safety and environmental plans. Carry out regular housekeeping checks to ensure that items are not being stored inappropriately, especially near hot or electrical equipment, that escape routes are not blocked and that fire safety equipment has not been interfered with. Ensure employees do not increase the fire risk at an office or similar by using faulty electrical goods, smoking in a non-designated area or storing refuse inappropriately. Ensure that records are completed whenever there have been any checks or maintenance of fire safety equipment/fixtures using Fire Equipment Inspection Sheet. Ensure fire prevention measures are communicated to staff, contractors and visitors. The Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996 (HSCER) requires the Warehouse manager to consult employees on the information required about risks to their health and safety and preventative measures in place. All management and staff in a working environment need to follow the KBR FIRST AID guidance as a minimum standard in order to ensure the health, safety and welfare of KBR employees and other persons who may be affected by our undertakings. First Aid at work covers the initial management of any injury or illness suffered at work. First Aid can save lives and prevent minor injuries becoming major ones. Under the Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981 (as amended 2009), all workplaces must make provisions for first aid, to be readily available at appropriate times. The Control of ASBESTOS Regulations 2012 requires KBR to prevent the exposure of its employees to asbestos so far as is reasonably practicable. To achieve this KBR must ensure perform suitable and sufficient assessments in accordance with HSG 264 Asbestos: the survey guide that determines whether asbestos is present on the premises. This was arranged by the premises owner prior to KBR occupying the premises and Asbestos areas were identified within the warehouse. KBR must ensure that the warehouses owner: †¢ Determines the risk from the asbestos. †¢ Prepares a written plan identifying the area of the premises concerned and the measures necessary for managing the asbestos risk. †¢ Implement the measure in the plan. †¢ Record the measures taken to implement the plan. These measures should include adequate means for: †¢ Monitoring the condition of any asbestos or suspected asbestos. †¢ Maintaining the asbestos or its safe removal. †¢ Providing information identifying the location and condition of identified asbestos to any person likely to disturb it and making this information available to the emergency services. The Control of NOISE at Work Regulations 2005 will need to be considered for a backup generator placed inside the warehouse where Warehouse staff will be working during their normal working day. The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 places the following duties on to the Warehouse manager: †¢ Carry out a suitable and sufficient assessment of the risk to the health and safety of employees who are liable to noise exposure at or above any Lower Exposure Action Levels. †¢ Record the significant findings of the assessment and ensure that it is reviewed regularly and revised as required. †¢ Record any measurements taken. †¢ Ensure that the risk assessment has been carried out by a competent person. †¢ Reduce noise exposure to as low as is reasonably practicable, by means of organisational and technical measures other than personal hearing protectors, where any employee is likely to be exposed above any Upper Exposure Action Levels. †¢ Hearing protection is to be available on request for any employee exposed above the lower exposure action value, and must be provided to any employee exposed at or above the upper exposure action level. †¢ Designated areas where employees are likely to be exposed to or above the upper action level as hearing protection zones. †¢ Ensure that no employee enters designated hearing protection zones unless they are wearing ear protectors. †¢ Provide employees with information, training and instruction about risks, control measures, hearing protection and safe working practices. Warehouse staff will be conducting manual handling activities during their normal working day so the warehouse manager will need to ensure compliance with the MANUAL HANDLING Operation Regulations 1992. The Warehouse manager need to ensure a suitable and sufficient assessments of all such manual handling operations are undertaken and have taken into account all foreseeable risks. In addition to the legal environment in the warehouse, the Warehouse manager needs to ensure compliance with The Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 to minimise to eliminate or reduce possible eyesight or musculoskeletal disorders due to the effects of continual display screen equipment use. REVIEW OF THE HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM The KBR Swindon Safety Management System is based on BS OHSAS 18001:2007 Standard and follows the Plan-Do-Check-Act methodology. DESCRIPTION The general requirement of the Planning stage is to define and document the scope of the management system. This information is captured in the KBR Corporate HSE Policy which is a global document and is written in a very general and broad manner in an effort to comply with all possible projects on a global level. The management system has a process in place for hazard identification, risk assessment and determining controls covered in various  work methods. The HSE Risk Assessment work method provides guidance on the specific duty placed upon KBR to carry out a suitable and sufficient assessment of all risks to the health and safety of employees and others, arising at or from a work activity. The Identification and Evaluation of HSE Legislative and Other Requirements process map identifies relevant HSE legislative requirements applicable and is recorded in the HSE Requirements Register. The KBR Swindon HSE Plan contains an organisation charts which clearly identifies roles, responsibilities and accountability for everyone working at the warehouse. KBR needs to ensure that everyone working in the warehouse is competent and experienced for the work that they are doing. The KBR Swindon Training Strategy contains a Training matrix to ensure appropriate level of competence at different levels of authority. The HSE Management system is available to all employees on the KBR intranet and regularly reviewed, updated and communicated via the intranet. KBR operates a three-tiered emergency response procedure whereby all projects and locations will ensure a Local Emergency Response Plan (LERP) is in place to manage low level emergencies. The KBR warehouse can then escalate the emergency to a Level 2 Incident Commander if it is deemed necessary and the Level 2 Incident Commander can escalate to a Level 3 global status in severed circumstances. KBR operates an integrated management system so the Audit Management System process required by the Quality Management System is used to conduct audits to determine the effectiveness of the controls in place. Health and Safety performance is measured using incident and accident statistics and completing monthly project reviews. Each project is set a target, usually a 10% reduction from the previous years incident rate, and is monitored against this target. This information is then discussed in a management review meeting on a quarterly basis.

My Moral Philosophy Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

What is a moral code? I feel that a moral code is a "unwritten code that one lives by," This code is indicating how I should live. There is not anyone watching over me judging my moral code; just I am responsible to my self for my actions. However, a moral code should always be in my head and tells me how to act in all situations. An example would be littering; is it right to throw that gum wrapper out the window of my car? No, just put it in a pocket, I can throw it out later. If you I throw that wrapper out the window I might feel what Dick Gregory (433) calls "shame"; the feeling of regret or disgrace over an action like throwing a gum wrapper out the window. The moral code would make me feel this way because I would disgrace my own moral code by throwing that wrapper out the window. I might even consider why, should I cause some one else to clean up my mess and feel shameful for causing that to happen? Another example would happen when driving in traffic. Sure, I could be that guy who doesn't let anyone in traffic and be the one yelling and honking, but why? It's not going to help me go any faster. Just relax and let some one in the traffic. Then some day when I really need to be let in traffic, the person who I let in will let me in or another person who I let in will recycle that good deed and let some one else in and in time it will get back to me. When one does a good thing it will always come back to help in time. In the end, I feel that one must treat others the way he/she would like to be treated. An example of this happened when I was on Phish tour. I lost my wallet in Albany a few years back. The kid that found it remembered me and knew he would see me at a Phish show eventually. He used my ticket for the show he was going into, but he saw me a week later and bought me a ticket for that show. In return, this past tour his car broke down so I let him jump in and ride with us. Therefore, his helping me get my wallet back helped him out directly in the long run. This is the type of person I want be, the person who helps out, and then is helped out in the end. This interpretation of a moral code reminds me of Existentialism and Jean Paul Sartre's view "that there is nothing else of man but what he makes of himself" (451), so the moral code is a part of man. There is nothing .. ...e that trip to Cape Cod, but not sit at a bar and wish it. My moral code would be to have the most pleasure in life as possible. I will not look back at college and be feeling that those were my best days. Every moment will be as enjoyable as possible, like the Epicureans. If I follow my moral code then I will have lived my life to the fullest and with the moralitys that was important to me. This includes treating others as I want to be treated, feeling that when I do something good it will come back to help me, and seeking a surplus of pleasure over pain every day. Works Cited Strodach, George. "The Philosophy of Epicurus." The Course of Ideas. Second Edition. Jeanne Gunner and Ed Frankel, Washington: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991. 417-420. Sartre, Jean Paul. "Existentialism." The Course of Ideas. Second Edition. Jeanne Gunner and Ed Frankel Washington: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991. 451-455. Hoffer, Eric. "Long Live Shame." The Course of Ideas. Second Edition. Jeanne Gunner and Ed Frankel,Washington: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991. 433-438.

Managerial Account

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following statements is true? A. The word â€Å"cost† has the same meaning in all situations in which it is used. B. Cost data, once classified and recorded for a specific application, are appropriate for use in any application. C. Different cost concepts and classifications are used for different purposes. D. All organizations incur the same types of costs. E. Costs incurred in one year are always meaningful in the following year. 2. Which of the following is a product cost? A. Glass in an automobile. B. Advertising. C. The salary of the vice president-finance. D. Rent on a factory. E.Both â€Å"A† and â€Å"D. † 3. The accounting records of Georgia Company revealed the following costs: direct materials used, $250,000; direct labor, $425,000; manufacturing overhead, $375,000; and selling and administrative expenses, $220,000. Georgia's product costs total: A. $1,050,000. B. $830,000. C. $895,000. D. $1,270,000. E. some o ther amount. 4. Costs that are expensed when incurred are called: A. product costs. B. direct costs. C. inventoriable costs. D. period costs. E. indirect costs. 5. Which of the following is not a period cost? A. Legal costs. B. Public relations costs. C. Sales commissions. D. Wages of assembly-line workers. E.The salary of a company's chief financial officer (CFO). 6. The accounting records of Reynolds Corporation revealed the following selected costs: Sales commissions, $65,000; plant supervision, $190,000; and administrative expenses, $185,000. Reynolds's period costs total: A. $250,000. B. $440,000. C. $375,000. D. $255,000. E. $185,000. 7. Yang Corporation recently computed total product costs of $567,000 and total period costs of $420,000, excluding $35,000 of sales commissions that were overlooked by the company's administrative assistant. On the basis of this information, Yang's income statement should reveal operating expenses of: A. 35,000. B. $420,000. C. $455,000. D. $567 ,000. E. $602,000. 8. Which of the following entities would most likely have raw materials, work in process, and finished goods? A. Exxon Corporation. B. Macy's Department Store. C. Wendy's. D. Southwest Airlines. E. Columbia University. 9. Selling and administrative expenses would likely appear on the balance sheet of: A. The Gap. B. Texas Instruments. C. Turner Broadcasting System. D. All of these firms. E. None of these firms. 10. Mideast Motors manufactures automobiles. Which of the following would not be classified as direct materials by the company?A. Wheel lubricant. B. Tires. C. Interior leather. D. CD player. E. Sheet metal used in the automobile's body. 11. Which of the following employees of a commercial printer/publisher would be classified as direct labor? A. Book binder. B. Plant security guard. C. Sales representative. D. Plant supervisor. E. Payroll supervisor. 12. Lake Appliance produces washers and dryers in an assembly-line process. Labor costs incurred during a r ecent period were: corporate executives, $500,000; assembly-line workers, $180,000; security guards, $45,000; and plant supervisor, $110,000.The total of Lake's direct labor cost was: A. $110,000. B. $180,000. C. $155,000. D. $235,000. E. $735,000. 13. Depreciation of factory equipment would be classified as: A. operating cost. B. â€Å"other† cost. C. manufacturing overhead. D. period cost. E. administrative cost. 14. Which of the following costs is not a component of manufacturing overhead? A. Indirect materials. B. Factory utilities. C. Factory equipment. D. Indirect labor. E. Property taxes on the manufacturing plant. 15. The accounting records of Diego Company revealed the following costs, among others:Costs that would be considered in the calculation of manufacturing overhead total: A. $149,000. B. $171,000. C. $186,000. D. $442,000. E. some other amount. 16. Which of the following statements is true? A. Product costs affect only the balance sheet. B. Product costs affe ct only the income statement. C. Period costs affect only the balance sheet. D. Neither product costs nor period costs affect the Statement of Retained Earnings. This can also be a true statement if the period costs were prepaid (i. e. , prepaid advertising, depreciation). E. Product costs eventually affect both the balance sheet and the income statement. 17.In a manufacturing company, the cost of goods completed during the period would include which of the following elements? A. Raw materials used. B. Beginning finished goods inventory. C. Marketing costs. D. Depreciation of delivery trucks. E. All of the above. 18. Which of the following equations is used to calculate cost of goods sold during the period? A. Beginning finished goods + cost of goods manufactured + ending finished goods. B. Beginning finished goods – ending finished goods. C. Beginning finished goods + cost of goods manufactured. D. Beginning finished goods + cost of goods manufactured – ending finishe d goods.E. Beginning finished goods + ending finished goods – cost of goods manufactured. 19. Holden Industries began July with a finished-goods inventory of $48,000. The finished-goods inventory at the end of July was $56,000 and the cost of goods sold during the month was $125,000. The cost of goods manufactured during July was: A. $104,000. B. $125,000. C. $117,000. D. $133,000. E. some other amount. 20. Carolina Plating Company reported a cost of goods manufactured of $520,000, with the firm's year-end balance sheet revealing work in process and finished goods of $70,000 and $134,000, respectively.If supplemental information disclosed raw materials used in production of $80,000, direct labor of $140,000, and manufacturing overhead of $240,000, the company's beginning work in process must have been: A. $130,000. B. $10,000. C. $66,000. D. $390,000. E. some other amount. 21. The accounting records of Bronco Company revealed the following information: Bronco's cost of goods manufactured is: A. $519,000. B. $522,000. C. $568,000. D. $571,000. E. some other amount. 22. The accounting records of Brownwood Company revealed the following information: Brownwood's cost of goods sold is: A. $721,000. B. $730,000.C. $778,000. D. $787,000. E. some other amount. 23. For the year just ended, Cole Corporation's manufacturing costs (raw materials used, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead) totaled $1,500,000. Beginning and ending work-in-process inventories were $60,000 and $90,000, respectively. Cole's balance sheet also revealed respective beginning and ending finished-goods inventories of $250,000 and $180,000. On the basis of this information, how much would the company report as cost of goods manufactured (CGM) and cost of goods sold (CGS)? A. CGM, $1,430,000; CGS, $1,460,000. B. CGM, $1,470,000; CGS, $1,540,000. C.CGM, $1,530,000; CGS, $1,460,000. D. CGM, $1,570,000; CGS, $1,540,000. E. Some other amounts. 24. Glass Industries reported the following data f or the year just ended: sales revenue, $1,750,000; cost of goods sold, $980,000; cost of goods manufactured, $560,000; and selling and administrative expenses, $170,000. Glass' gross margin would be: A. $940,000. B. $1,190,000. C. $1,020,000. D. $380,000. E. $770,000. 25. Variable costs are costs that: A. vary inversely with changes in activity. B. vary directly with changes in activity. C. remain constant as activity changes. D. decrease on a per-unit basis as activity increases.E. increase on a per-unit basis as activity increases. 26. Which of the following is not an example of a variable cost? A. Straight-line depreciation on a machine that has a five-year service life. B. Wages of manufacturing workers whose pay is based on hours worked. C. Tires used in the production of tractors. D. Aluminum used to make patio furniture. E. Commissions paid to sales personnel. 27. The fixed costs per unit are $10 when a company produces 10,000 units of product. What are the fixed costs per un it when 8,000 units are produced? A. $12. 50. B. $10. 00. C. $8. 00. D. $6. 50. E. $5. 50. 28.Total costs are $180,000 when 10,000 units are produced; of this amount, variable costs are $64,000. What are the total costs when 13,000 units are produced? A. $199,200. B. $214,800. C. $234,000. D. Some other amount. E. Total costs cannot be calculated based on the information presented. 29. Baxter Company, which pays a 10% commission to its salespeople, reported sales revenues of $210,000 for the period just ended. If fixed and variable sales expenses totaled $56,000, what would these expenses total at sales of $168,000? A. $16,800. B. $35,000. C. $44,800. D. $51,800. E. Some other amount. 30.The salary that is sacrificed by a college student who pursues a degree full time is a(n): A. sunk cost. B. out-of-pocket cost. C. opportunity cost. D. differential cost. E. marginal cost. Essay Questions 1. Consider the three firms that follow: (1) Southwest Airlines, (2) BMW, and (3) Target. These firms, examples of service providers, manufacturers, and merchandisers, tend to have different characteristics with respect to costs and financial-statement disclosures. Required: Determine which of the preceding firms (1, 2, and/or 3) would likely: A. Disclose operating expenses on the income statement.B. Have product costs. C. Have period costs. D. Disclose cost of cost good sold on the income statement. E. Have no meaningful investment in inventory. F. Maintain raw-material, work-in-process, and finished-goods inventories. G. Have variable and fixed costs. 2. Consider the following cost items: 1. Sales commissions earned by a company's sales force. 2. Raw materials purchased during the period. 3. Current year's depreciation on a firm's manufacturing facilities. 4. Year-end completed production of a carpet manufacturer. 5. The cost of products sold to customers of an apparel store. . Wages earned by machine operators in a manufacturing plant. 7. Income taxes incurred by an airlin e. 8. Marketing costs of an electronics manufacturer. 9. Indirect labor costs incurred by a manufacturer of office equipment. Required: A. Evaluate the costs just cited and determine whether the associated dollar amounts would appear on the firm's balance sheet, income statement, or schedule of cost of goods manufactured. B. What major asset will normally be insignificant for service enterprises and relatively substantial for retailers, wholesalers, and manufacturers? Briefly discuss. C.Briefly explain the similarity and difference between the merchandise inventory of a retailer and the finished-goods inventory of a manufacturer. 3. Consider the following items: A. Tomatoes used in the manufacture of Hunts ketchup B. Administrative salaries of executives employed by Jet Blue Airlines C. Wages of assembly-line workers at a Ford plant D. Marketing expenditures of the Atlanta Braves baseball club E. Commissions paid to Coca-Cola's salespeople F. Straight-line depreciation on manufactur ing equipment owned by Dell Computer G. Shipping charges incurred by Office Depot on out-going orders H.Speakers used in Sony home-theater systems I. Insurance costs related to a Mary Kay Cosmetics' manufacturing plant Required: Complete the table that follows and classify each of the costs listed as (1) a product or period cost and (2) a variable or fixed cost by placing an â€Å"X† in the appropriate column. 4. In discussing the operation of her automobile, a doctor once observed that gasoline is a fixed cost because the cost per gallon is relatively stable. Insurance, on the other hand, is a variable cost because the cost per mile varies inversely with the number of miles driven. Comment on the doctor's observation.

Alcoholic Beverage and Energy Drink Essay

The main objective of Hector Beverage Pvt ltd is to capture the market and positioned the brand in the mind of the customer. The main targeted customers are college students,sports person. Since the beverage segment is a diversified segment . The competition is high and there are many more supreme brands and it is difficult for a new brand to capture the market. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT No task whatever big or small can be completed without proper guidance and encouragement. It gives us a great pleasure to our deep sense of gratitude and reverence to every person who created a congenial atmosphere for successful completion of this project. In doing this project, I have been extremely privileged to receive support from a large number of knowledgeable people. I am deeply indebted to Mr Neeraj Kakkar (CEO), Mr James Paul Nattal (CFO), Mr Suhas Misra (COO), Miss Ujwala Mishra (HR EXECUTIVE ) Mr Gaurav Sharma (Area manager) for giving me the opportunity to undergo my project in their esteemed organization and for giving their timely suggestions & valuable guidance. I would like to express our gratitude and profound thanks to Mr Pravat Shrivastsv (Senior coordinator), Miss Shilpa Puri (Faculty), International Management Center, New Delhi for his valuable sustained, guidance, invaluable suggestions and constant encouragement without which it would not have been possible for us to complete this project. TABLE OF CONTENTS Topic| Page no. | Cover page| | Title page| | Certificate| | Acknowledgement| | Preface| | List of figures| | List of Tables| | Executive Summary| 7| Introduction of Report| 9| Company Profile| 11| Literature Review| 18| Objectives| 19| Research Methodology| 20| Findings & AnalysisConclusion| 3435| Recommendations| 36| Limitations| 37| Biblography| 38| Annexture| 39| | | LISTS OF FIGURES: List of Figures| List of Tables| Page No| Figure 1:Pie graph for gender | Table 1| 22| Figure 2:Bar graph for coming across an energy drink| Table 2| 23| Figure3:Bar graph for regular curstomer| Table 3| 24| Figure4: Bar chart for tasting energy drink| Table 4| 25| Figure 5: Bar chart for tasting Tzinga| Table 5| 26| Figure 6: Bar chart for new awareness about Tzinga| Table 6| 27| Figure7: Bar chart for rating Tzinga flaviur| Table 7| 28| Figure8: Bar chart for tzinga providing advantage| Table 8| 29| Figure9: Bar chart of tzinga in any other flavour| Table 9| 30| Figure10:Bar chart for rating Tzinga accordance to price| Table 10| 31| Figure 11:Bar chart for comparision of Tzinga to other drinks| Table11| 32| | | |. | | | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Hector Beverages brings new experience to the Indian consumer. The company have used some natuaral herbs which is good for human health that emerges from scientific observation/ analysis of nature and creates tasty beverages, associating with leading companies and personalities. Cases in point is the first launch:Tzinga, lemon and mint flavor with natural herbs Gaurana and Zingsing. This product has a delicious taste of lemon mint with natural herbs Isolate with . Natural herbs are used to susstitute the amount of caffeine which is injurious to health . Its unique taste mekes it different than any other energy drink. And it has low amount of calories lowest calories. It is perfect for hard working days. They have these extremely meaningful products which are going to give them a competitive advantage over other products. INTRODUCTION The present world is fast moving world people are very busy and do not have time to take proper meal and consume mostly junk food which are high in calorie content and bad for health. it results in many different problem. Due to high intake of junk foods and low consumption of high nutrient value food people are suffering from more and more alments. in order to stay healthy and fit ,people should take proper nutritional content food. So Hector Beverage have launched new energy drink which has completely new flavor like lemon and mint which is completely drink from other enrgy drink. Hector is mainly targeting college students and office employees. So Hector is conducting many promotional activities to create an awareness So the main objective of Hector Beverage is to Create brand awareness for Tzinga. INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT Beverage industry is one of the fast growing industries in India . it can be divided into two sections i. e. carbonated and non-carbonated. the carbonated drinks that can be further classified into cola, lemon orange, mango and apple segments. Marketing includes all the activities like promotion, distribution, advertising etc. To fulfill all the segments of consumers. Marketing is also to convert social needs into profitable opportunities. So this topic provides all the essentials to theoretical knowledge with practical knowledge and to inculcate the efficiency. It is also requirement for the company to improve their service and product quality for achieving their ultimate goal. Beverages can be classified into 2 types ALCHOHOLIC BEVERAGE An alcoholic beverage is a drink containingethanol, commonly known as alcohol. Alcoholic beverages are divided into three general classes: beers wines, and spirits. Alcohol is a psychoactive drug that has a depressanteffect. A high blood alcohol content is usually considered to be legal drunkenness because it reduces attentionand slows reaction speed. Alcohol can be addictive, and the state of addictionto alcohol is known as alcoholism. The production and consumption of alcohol occurs in most cultures of the world, from hunter-gatherer peoples to nation-states. Alcoholic beverages are often an important part of social events in these cultures. In many cultures, drinkingplays a significant role in social interaction — mainly because of alcohol’s neurological effects. NONALCHOLIC BEVERAGE A non-alcoholic beverage is a beveragethat contains less than 0. 5% alcohol by volume. Non-alcoholic versions of somealcoholic beverages, such as non-alcoholic beer (â€Å"near beer†) and cocktails(â€Å"mocktails†), are widely available where alcoholic beverages are sold.alcoholic wine undergo an alcohol-removal process that may leave a small amount of alcohol. Because of this, some states have legal restrictions on non-alcoholic beer and wine. | ORGANIZATION PROFILE HECTOR BEVERAGES The beverage offerings in the developed world are so much better than those in the developing world. Beverages in the US and Europe are an important delivery mechanism for nutrients (macro, like protein and micro- vitamins and minerals) while in the developing countries they are little more than (as we have noted) sweetened fizzy water. Hector Beverage Pvt Ltd. is here to bridge the gap, to challenge the beverage majors and their attempts to maintain the status quo which they have been doing for all the years they have been in business. The beverage game is bound to change, for the better and Hector intends to be the people doing it Hector is a beverage company with a twist. Now that does not really mean that Hectors products have a dash of lemon (some of them, in the future mayindeed but that’s well besides the point). The twist is that Hectors beverages are meaningful. Hector beverages believes, and believe with a lot of intensity, that beverages have to be more than fizzy, sweetened/ flavored water. Worldwide beverages contribute a lot to the consumer’s health- delivering macro- nutrients (protein) and micro (vitamins and minerals) and there is no reason why that should not be the case in the developing world. Well, no reason apart from the fact that the beverage giants have a vested interest in sustaining the status quo as that keeps cost down. Hector beverages is the new kid on the block that aims to take on the beverage majors by offering real value to the consumer- thats it, so simple- just healthy, tasty drinks, no celebrities, no Santa Claus, no bells, no whistles. Hector associates itself with this story. As it is a very small player, new one also, in an industry which is so dominated by major players like Coke and Pepsi, it still believes that it will survive and win customers. Hector knows of what are the fundamental shortcomings of the existing beverage players- their inertia, and smugness and their commitment to status quo. So, Hector Beverages think that this Hector Vs Achilles will also be a contest of historic proportions, albeit with a significantly different outcome MISSION Hectors mission statement is as follows: 3 our mission is to serve people by Quality, Healthy and tasty protein drink. VISION Hectors vision is to capture Delhi and NCR market by providing quality, healthy and tasty protein drink at a suitable price to keep people healthy and fit. VALUES We thought about this and decided to have this section not because every company seems to have something reasonably rich to say on its values. We realized that this is the beginning of differentiation and our values to us are just some of the fundamental things that excite us. As some poet, forgotten cruelly by literature must have aptly noted: â€Å"with more self-serving nonsense we will not bore further thee but, instead, just spread out for your reading pleasure our values three†. 1. Audacity: For obvious reasons. a new business is anyway tough. The fact that we would be taking on the Beverage Behemoths makes it even more exciting. We love thinking big and are in it because we want to ask the big boys to â€Å"bring it on† 2. Rooting for the underdog: The underdog can’t but try harder. As the bona-fide underdog in the beverage market we have a vested interest in rooting for the underdog. 3. Integrity: All irreverence aside, we are committed to the greater common good and unwaveringly so. COMPANY HIGHLIGHTS The firm has started its operation to fulfill the need of the market segment that still have not been fulfilling properly. Hector Beverages brings healthy, tasty beverages to the Indian consumer. The company strives to bring the best for human health that emerges from scientific observation/ analysis of nature and creates tasty beverages,associatingwithleadingcompaniesandpersonalities. Cases in point are the first two launches: Frissia (TM) Chocolate Protein Drink and Frissia(TM) Vanilla Protein Drink. These products are a delicious blend of Soy Protein Isolate with natural identical chocolate or vanilla flavor for really busy people. Soy’s benefits for health are well recorded but a significant barrier to adoption has been its bitter after taste that we have taken care of in this blend. Its as good as any chocolate/ vanilla stuff that the consumer may consider. And, at the lowest calories/ gram of complete protein its perfect for work-days spent in meetings and working on laptops/ blackberries. Hector also brings about a genuinely new approach to market- dropping political correctness for an honest communication with consumers in all interactions. In short, we have these extremely meaningful products and are going to talk quite straight to our consumers. These are exciting times for Hector- do get in touch if you find all this interesting and want to be a part of Hector, in any capacity. Hector Beverages, a pioneer in the Indian Functional Beverages industry, recently announced the launch of their newest product – Tzinga Energy Drink. Tzinga is made with a powerful blend of ingredients to avoid those energy slumps we know all too well, and keep mind and body performing at their best. * Unlike existing energy drinks, Tzinga tastes great and is availalable for the very reasonable MRP of Rs 20. * Tzinga comes in a case with 12 pieces * Tzinga will be available at 2,000 stores around Delhi NCR starting April 7th, and is scheduled to launch in Bangalore by the end of April. INGREDIANTS * Tzinga consists of lemon and mint. * Also certain natural herbs like GUARANA and GYNSING (which are South American herbs) NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION(per 100ml): Water, sugar , lemon juice concentrate| 0. 75%| Caffeine| 0. 03%| Energy| 44kcal| Carbohydrate| 11g| Protein| 0g| Fat| 0g| 1. TARGET MARKET * Above 18 years * College students * Office employes * Sports person * Fitness freaks person RECOMMENDATIONS * Not applicable for Children below 18 * Also not applicable for pregnant women and lactating women * Not recommended for diabetic patients * Not more than 2 packs should be consumed in a day FOUNDER MEMBERS CEO PROFILE: Mr Neeraj Kakkar- His corporate career started after he completed his MBA from MDI, Gurgaon in 1998. He worked with Union Carbide and later Wipro before joining. Coke in 2001. He had an amazing run with Coke- the kind that becomes a part of Corporate Folklore, with the high point being his time in Bangalore when he seemed to have settled the much-touted Cola battle conclusively. In 2008, he headed to Wharton to do a second MBA and is now in the thick of the action as CEO of Hector Beverages Private Limited, India CFO PROFILE: Mr James Paul Nattal- James, Wharton alumni with Hector. After his Chemical Engineering from Brigham University, he worked with Dow Chemicals for six years and is what many call a packaging geek- so for him the form is the substance, the medium is the content. His packaging expertise ensures that when you buy our products, most of your money is not going to the packaging, as it does in the case of all other beverage companies. He is responsible for having created a number of food and beverage packaging concepts across the United States and Europe and heads the product development function for us. COO PROFILE: Mr Suhas Misra Suhas did his MBA from IIM Calcutta (Class of 2003) and joined Coke from campus. He had the kind of start that, again, Corporate Folklore, would describe as sensational- with astronomical growth rates being registered in rural Rajasthan. In 2005 he moved to Nokia, before, in 2006, starting ChannelPlay- India’s first integrated Sales Process Outsourcing company (www. channelplay. biz) and now is the COO of Hector Beverages Private Limited. Competators- Since the Beverage industry is a big diversified segment. There are many potential strong competators in this segment. Various beverage like milk, tea, coffee, beer, whisky, protein drink, energy drinks, soft drinks etc are all competitors for each other Tzinga with its unique flavor can create a niche in the market. Tzinga is the only energy drink which have used natural herbs. but the real competator of Tzinga is Red Bull . Redbull have been dominating the energy drink market since 6 yrs. To name a few potential competitors, the leading beverage manufacturing companies in India are Coca-cola, Pepsi-co, UB group, Hindustan Unilever Limited, Tata tea, Dabur foods, , Nestle India, Sula wines, CCD, LITERATURE REVIEW A traditional definition of a brand was: â€Å"the name, associated with one or more items in the product line, that is used to identify the source of character of the item(s)† (Kotler 2000, p.396). The American Marketing Association (AMA) definition of a brand is â€Å"a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors† (p. 404). Within this view, as Keller (2003a) says, â€Å"technically speaking, then, whenever a marketer creates a new name, logo, or symbol for a new product, he or she has created a brand† (p. 3). He recognizes, however, that brands today are much more than that. As can be seen, according to these definitions brands had a simple and clear functions identifiers. Before the shift in focus towards brands and the brand building process, brands were just another step in the whole process of marketing to sell products. â€Å"For a long time, the brand has been treated in an off- hand fashion as a part of the product† (Urde 1999, p. 119). Kotler (2000) mentions branding as â€Å"a major issue in product strategy† (p. 404). As the brand was only part of the product, the communication strategy worked towards exposing the brand and creating brand image. Aaker and Joachimsthaler (2000) mention that within the traditional branding model the goal was to build brand image ; a tactical element that drives short-term results. Kapferer (1997) mentioned that â€Å"the brand is a sign -therefore external- whose function is to disclose the hidden qualities of the product which are inaccessible to contact† (p. 28). The brand served to identify a product and to distinguish it from the competition. â€Å"The challenge today is to create a strong and distinctive image† (Kohli and Thakor 1997, p. 208). Concerning the brand management process as related to the function of a brand as an identifier, Aaker and Joachmisthaler (2000) discuss the traditional branding model where a brand management team was responsible for creating and coordinating the brand’s management program. In this situation, the brand manager was not high in the company’s hierarchy; his focus was the short-term financial results of single brands and single products in single markets. The basic objective was the coordination with the manufacturing and sales departments in order to solve any problem concerning sales and market share. With this strategy the responsibility of the brand was solely the concern of the marketing department (Davis 2002). In general, most companies thought that focusing on the latest and greatest advertising campaign meant focusing on the brand (Davis and Dunn 2002). The model itself was tactical and reactive rather than strategic and visionary (Aaker and Joachimsthaler 2000). The brand was always referred to as a series of tactics and never like strategy (Davis and Dunn 2002). OBJECTIVES * Maintaining positive, strong growth each year not withstanding seasonal sales pattern. * Achieve a comprehensive output in market penetration. * Increase customer satisfaction simultaneously. * A double to triple digit growth for the first five years. * Maintain a significant research and development budget to enhance future. * Product developments. * To take in fresh minds as interns and permanent recruits to lead the organization to a greater development path. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Descriptive strategy is used since we have to collect the primary imformation from Tzinga customer. A descriptive research intends to present facts concerning the nature and status of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study. Sample Design a). Sample Unit A business organization whether it is a mall, college canteen, shops is considered as one entity and would be considered as a 1 sample unit. b)Sample Size- A survey was conducted where sampling and sales were taking place. A sample size of 100 is taken. c)Sampling Technique- Sampling technique here used is non-probability simple random sampling. We considered it as area sampling since the research is focus onto a particular area. We will be using the NON – COMPARATIVE scaling technique and will be using the LIKERT scale in which 5options will be given ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. d)Sampling Area –. The area which was taken was South Delhi where I focused on shops and college. Data Collection a)Sources – Primary data collection method is used as data was collected directly from responded through questionnaire. questionaire were both open and closed . And ranking method is used to measure the degree of agreement and disagreement. b)Tools- Various statistical tools like pie-chart, is used to represent the data and interpret them DATA ANALYSIS Q1. . Gender a) Male b) Female | | Frequency| Percent| Valid| Male| 48| 60. 0| | Female| 32| 40. 0| | Total| 80| 100. 0| FIGURE 1 Analysis-This shows that male samples are more than female sample. Q2. Did you taste any energy drink before? (a) Yes (b) No Table 2Gender * Did you tatse Tzinga before? Crosstabulation| Count| | | Did you tatse Tzinga before? | Total| | | YES| NO| | Gender| Male| 23| 25| 48| | Female| 14| 18| 32| Total| 37| 43| 80| Figure 2 Analysis-This was a comparative study done between male and female. Out of total 48 samples of male 23 have tasted tzinga and 25 have not tasted it. also in the case of female out of 32 ,14 have tasted Tzinga and 18 have not tasted Tzinga. Q3. Where did you come across an energy drink? (a)Television (b)Newspaper (c)Magazine (d)Promotion event | Table 3|. | | Where did you come across an energy drink| Total| | | Television| Newspaper| Magazine| Promotional Event| | Gender| Male| 24| 3| 3| 18| 48| | Female| 19| 2| 0| 11| 32| Total| 43| 5| 3| 29| 80| Figure 3 Analysis-Again in the case of 48 respondent ,24 male responded have come to notice about energy drink through television,3 through newspaper,3magazine,18 through promotional event Q4. Which energy drink did you taste ? (a)Red bull (b)XXX (c) Clould 9 (d)Barn Table 4Gender * Which energy drink do you taste Crosstabulation| Count| | | Which energy drink do you taste| Total| | | Red Bull| XXX| Cloud 9| Barn| |. Gender| Male| 24| 10| 8| 6| 48| | Female| 11| 9| 9| 3| 32| Total| 35| 19| 17| 9| 80| Figure 4 ANALYSIS Out of 48 males 24 have take Redbull,10xxx,8 clould9barn. And in the case of female side 11 have taken Red bull,9xxx9 clould 9 nad 3 barn. Q5. Are you a regular consumer of energy drink? (a)yes (b)no Table 5 Gender * Are you a regular consumer of energy drink? Crosstabulation| Count| | | Are you a regular consumer of energy drink? | Total| | | YES| NO| | Gender| Male| 16| 32| 48| | Female| 11| 21| 32| Total| 27| 53| 80| Figure 5 ANALYSIS Out of 48 males,16 are regular consumer of energy drink and 32 are not regular consumer. And in the case of female out of 32 ,11 are regular consumer and 21 are not regular consumer. Q6. Have you tasted tzinga, the new launch ever? (a)yes (b)no Table 6 Gender * Have you tasted Tzinga the new launch ever Crosstabulation| Count| | | Have you tasted Tzinga the new launch ever| Total| | | YES| NO| | Gender| Male| 17| 31| 48| | Female| 12| 20| 32| Total| 29| 51| 80| Figure 6 ANALYSIS Out of 48 responded 17 have tasted tzinga before and 31 have not heard about Tzinga. And out of 32 females 12 have tasted Tzinga before and 20 have not. Q7. When did you first hear about tzinga? (a)promotion (b)friend (c)salesman Table 7 Gender * When did you first hear about Tzinga Crosstabulation| Count| | | When did you first hear about Tzinga| Total| | | Promotion| Friend| Salesman| | Gender| Male| 30| 13| 5| 48| | Female| 18| 13| 1| 32| Total| 48| 26| 6| 80| Figure 7 ANALYSIS Out of 48 male responded,30 have heard about Tzinga thrugh promotion activities,13 through friend and 5 through salesmamAnd in the case of 32 female responded 18 have heard about Tzinga though promotion 13 through friend. Q8. How much would you rate the flavour of Tzinga? (a). Excellent (b). Good (c). Average (d). Poor (e). Very poor. Table 8Gender * How much do you rate the flavour of Tzinga Crosstabulation| | | | How much do you rate the flavour of Tzinga| Total| | | Excellent| Good| Average| | Gender| Male| 3| 32| 13| 48| | Female| 3| 23| 6| 32| Total| 6| 55| 19| 80| Figure 8 ANALYSIS Out of 48 male responded,3 of them think that the flavor of Tzinga is excellent ,and 32 of them rate Tzinga as good ,and 13 of them average. In the case of female responded 6 of them think that it is excellenet ,23 are good and 6 average. 9. Would you say the design of the product Tzinga provides it an advantage when it comes to catching the eye of the customer? If Yes –How well? (a) Excellent (b) Good (c) Average | | Table 9| | | | would you say the design of the product catch the eye of the customer| Total| | | Excellent| Good| Average| | Gender| Male| 2| 30| 16| 48| | Female| 2| 24| 6| 32| Total| 4| 54| 22| 80| Figure 9 ANALYSIS Out of 48 male responded 2 think that the design is excellent,30 think that it is good 16 think that it is average in the case of emale respondent 2 think that it is excellent,24 think that it is good and 6 think that it is average. Q10. How much would you rate the value aspect accordance to its price? (a) Excellent (b) Good (c) Average (d) Poor (e) Very poor Table 10 Gender * Value of the aspect according to price Crosstabulation| Count| | | Value of the aspect according to price| Total| | | Excellent| Good| Average| | Gender| Male| 4| 39| 5| 48| | Female| 4| 21| 7| 32| Total| 8| 60| 12| 80| Figure 10 ANALYSIS Out of 48 male responded think that it ha excellent quality accordance to its price,39 think that it is good according to its priceand 5 that it is average according to its price. IN the case of females 4 think that it is excellent ,21 think that it is good and 7 think that it is average. Q11. How would you rate tzinga in comparision to other energy drinks? (a). Excellent (b). Good (c). Acverage. (d). Poor (e). Very poor Table 11 Gender * Rate Tzinga with respect to other energy drinks Crosstabulation| Count| | | Rate Tzinga with respect to other energy drinks| Total| | | Excellent| Good| Average| | Gender| Male| 2| 26| 20| 48| | Female| 2| 9| 21| 32| Total| 4| 35| 41| 80| Figure 11 ANALYSIS According to the samples 2 people think that Tzinga is excellent ,26 think that it is good and 20 are average. And in the female segment 2 think that it is excellent ,9 think that it is good and 21 think that it is average. FINDINGS From the following project we can draw inference that Tzinga is new to the marketand is being liked by the people . People prefer this drink due to its unique flavor and intensity. Thought people are not that much aware of the product male are more exposed towards the product and have showed positive response towards it. CONCLUSION * The Tzinga is more liked by the youngsters of age group (21-25). * Tzinga is liked by the customers basically its design , price and taste. * The promotional activity is not liked by the customers. So they are not attracted too much towards this new brand. * The opinion does not vary as per the Genders of the customers. * The variation of taste and price will affect the preference of Tzinga. * The opinion of Tzinga is same for all age groups of people basically about the promotional activities. RECOMMENDATION * Television advertisement and promotional activities must be put up. * The distribution channel should be made strong. * Different diversified flavor must be introduced in the market. * Tzinga should be introduced in other parts of Indian Market. LIMITATIONS 1. The should be different flavours ,the lemon taste are not liked by many people. 2. Due to strong brand positioning by Red bull,it will take time for Tzinga to get established. 3. The availability of Tzinga is limited,it is not available in every store . 4. As zinger is a new brand,it suffers from identity crises BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. Malhotra, Naresh K. Marketing research and applied orientation, (2010), Prentice Hall, New Delhi, Vol. 5, pp. 613-623, pp. 468. 2. Kotler, Philip and Armstrong, Gary, Principles of marketing, Pearson Publication. REFERENCES: * http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Promotion_(marketing) * http://hectorbeverages. com/about_us * http://hectorbeverages. com/hectors_values * http://hectorbeverages. com/home * http://hectorbeverages. com/homers_hector * http://www. adams-graphic-design-advertising-agency. com/point-of-purchase. html * http://www.aistriss. jp/old/lca/ci/activity/project/sc/report/030319_document/S2-1-Mont. pdf * http://www. eurelectric. org/Download/Download. aspx? DocumentID=2965 ANNEXTURE QUESTIONAIRE Name- Phone number- 1. Gender a)Male b)Female 2. Did you taste any energy drink before? (a)yes (b)no 3. Where did you come across an energy drink? (a)Television (b)Newspaper (c)Magazine (d)Promotion event 4. Which energy drink did you taste ? (a)Red bull (b)XXX (c) Clould 9 (d)Barn 5. Are you a regular consumer of energy drink? (a)yes (b)no 6. Have you tasted tzinga, the new launch ever? (a)yes (b)no 7. When did you first hear about tzinga? (a)promotion (b)friend (c)salesman 8. How much would you rate the flavour of Tzinga? (a) Excellent (b) Good (c) Average (d) Poor (e) Very poor 9. Would you say the design of the product Tzinga provides it an advantage when it comes to catching the eye of the customer? If Yes –How well? (a) Excellent (b) Good (c) Average (d) Poor (e) Very poor 10. How much would you rate the value aspect accordance to its price? (a) Excellent (b) Good (c) Average (d) Poor (e) Very poor 11. How would you rate tzinga in comparison to other energy drinks? (a) Excellent (b) Good (c) Average (d) Poor (e) Very poor.

Baby making in humans essays

Baby making in humans essays There are some major differences between males in females in the way their sex cells are produced. In males this process occurs in seminiferous tubules. The females occurs in the ovaries, but are not fertilized there. The first difference is in cell division. The males cells divide in to two equally sized identical cells that are attached. The females cells are not the same size and unattached, one cell is larger than the other. The smaller cell is referred to as the polar body. There is no difference in crossing over between the two sexes, they both occur in Prophase I of meiosis. There is also no difference in the independent assortment of the cells, this occurs in metaphase of meiosis I in both sexes. In meiosis II the cells in both sexes divide a second time. The males cells divide again to form two equally sized cells adding up to a total of four cells. This process occurs in the female as well. The females larger cell will divide to form a polar body and a larger cell. This new large cell is the egg cell. The original polar body will either divide in to two more polar bodies or cease to exist. The female cell will create just one egg, while the male creates four sperm. Males will begin making sperm at puberty. They make trillions of sperm. Females begin making eggs much earlier. They begin making eggs before they are born! They have about 2 million eggs only a few months after they are born! However, this number is reduced to about 400,000 when they reach puberty. Another fascinating fact is that female eggs rest in prophase I much longer than the male sperm. Female eggs rest from birth until puberty. The one egg will complete meiosis I each month, but they dont go through metaphase II unless they are fertilized by a sperm. In males this whole cycle takes about 74 days. There are roughly 8 million genetic combinations in each egg and sperm after independent assortme...

Royal Air Force Essays

Royal Air Force Essays Royal Air Force Paper Royal Air Force Paper This quote from Bennis (cited in Hooper Potter 2000) goes to the heart of the current debate about Leadership and explains, in part, why so many people are discovering that it is difficult to be an effective leader. There are numerous leadership models espoused by various individuals and organisations, from politicians to academics, multi-national conglomerates to military organisations. They have various threads that inter-weave and draw from each other, quite often overlapping, all have there limitations and criticisms. The Transformational Leadership Model is just one of them, which developed over a period, within a cohesive environment, not in isolation. Therefore, as will be identified throughout this essay there are strands of transformational leadership in numerous leadership models. Initially, transformational leadership will be defined and then compared against Bass Full Range Leadership Model, this will then be followed by an introduction into military leadership before analysing the Royal Air Forces current leadership attributes against the tenets of transformational leadership. Indeed, whilst the RAFs leadership attributes are fairly recent in their publication, 2007, we will ask ourselves whether previous generations of leaders have displayed the qualities of a transformational leader. For this purpose, an example of an excellent strategic RAF Leader, Air Chief Marshall Sir Arthur Bomber Harris will be evaluated against the Transformational Leadership Model. The first question to answer then is, what is transformational leadership? Burns (1978) proposed that transformational leadership is a relationship of shared stimulation and elevation that converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents. Burns concepts were further developed by Bass and Avolio (1994) who suggested that the transactional leader recognises and exploits an existing need or demand of a potential follower (Bass 1998), however, beyond that, the transformational leader looks for potential motives in followers, seeks to satisfy higher needs and engages the full person of the follower. According to Saddler (1997) Transformational Leadership is the process of engaging the commitment of employees in the context of shared values and shared vision that is linked to trust and, according to Bass and Avolio (1990) and Bass (1998), the four tenets of Transformational Leadership are: a. Idealised Influence. The power of a person to have intense effects on a group of followers and is characterised by self-confidence, even when things are going awry, self-determination and an ability to inspire loyalty or as stated by Northouse (1997) provide followers with a vision and a sense of mission. This might otherwise be termed charisma, which brings it close to the traits concept of leadership1. b. Inspirational Motivation. The ability through the leaders actions to lift people beyond their own expectations. It rouses followers to deliver extra effort and inspires a belief in the cause. It creates and communicates a compelling vision of what is required and builds commitment. c. Individualised Consideration. This is the consideration for others that transformational leaders show, in particular, towards their development. This factor is also marked by a willingness to listen, the readiness to delegate and the ability to appreciate a job well done. d. Intellectual Stimulation. Followers are stimulated to think about their own situation and to assess their values and beliefs. They become aware of problems and involved in their own solutions. The paradigm stresses empowerment, with the dominant interest of the leader being to establish the correct climate and support structures so that individuals can achieve organisational goals. In the mid-1980s, Bass expanded and refined the work of Burns (1978) and House (1971) by focussing on the emotional components and origins of charisma, suggesting that charisma is a necessary, but not sufficient requirement for transformational leadership. Bass expanded on his own work in 1990, joining with Avolio in 1994 to combine the transactional, transformational, and non-leadership factors to provide the Full Range Leadership Model (Northouse 1997). This model is the cornerstone of the post-industrial school of leadership (Rost 1993). The non-leadership factor in the model is the laissez-faire (LF) approach, and represents the lack of leadership. The transactional leadership component entails three factors: contingent reward (CR), management-by-exception passive (MBE-P), and management-by-exception active (MBE-A). The CR style is where the leader gains accord regarding accepted performance standards and then provides suitable rewards when the standards are achieved. This provides a strong incentive to followers and is reasonably effective. MBE refers to leadership concerning corrective criticism, negative feedback, and negative reinforcement. MBE-P involves the leader waiting until errors, shortfalls and failures become obvious, then reacting to them. MBE-A involves actively seeking indications of poor performance and taking corrective measures (Bass Avolio 1994). This model is not without its critics. Bolden et al (2004) argued that the concepts of Transactional Leadership (fostered on reciprocity) and Transformational Leadership (concerned with hearts and minds) are ambiguous and ill constructed. Ciulla (1998) pointed out that Burns would find it difficult to accept Hitler as a leader because his theory of transformational leadership is clearly a prescriptive one about the nature of morally good leadership supports his view. In contrast, if one considers Bass (1985) definition of transformational leadership, Hitler clearly qualifies. Therefore, given the discord between the theorists it is hardly surprising that those who are exercised with the practicalities of transformational leadership are finding it difficult. An underlying premise of this leadership theory is that different styles of leadership exist simultaneously within the same individual (Bass, 1985). However, numerous studies (Lowe and Gardner, 2000) demonstrating the impact of these styles of leadership on the attitudes and behaviours of employees have dismissed this proposition and focused solely on the separate effect of each of these styles (Lowe, Kroeck Sivasubramaniam, 1996). Having discussed and critiqued transformational leadership, the next stage is to identify Military Leadership and how it is applied in the RAF. The Defence Leadership Centre (2003) identifies Military Leadership as the projection of personality and character to inspire soldiers, sailors, marines and airmen to carry out what is required of them and more. Proficiency in the techniques of leadership is the foremost quality in the skill of command and contributes significantly to operational accomplishment. There is no prescription of leadership and no prearranged style of leader. Military Leadership is a combination of example, influence and compulsion dependent upon the situation. It is transformational in approach and underpinned by the ethos of Mission Command2 and a balance of military attributes, which will be discussed further later. Successful military leaders are individuals who understand themselves, the organisation, the environment in which they operate and the people that they are privileged to lead, considerable similarities with transformational leadership. Furthermore, Mission Command is split into three levels, Strategic, Operational and Tactical (or Team). This is best explained by viewing the below model. In this model, Strategic Leadership refers to leading a whole organisation with overall accountability for the other 2 levels. At this level, leadership is primarily concerned with vision, purpose or mission, alignment, values and communication. Operational Leadership defined as leading a number of teams, leadership is concerned with the implementation of strategy and issues such as enabling success through the determination of appropriate structures and creation of a climate for success. Tactical (or Team) Leadership refers to leading a single unit and requires the leader to balance the needs of the task, the team and the individual as described by the Functional Leadership model (Adair 1983), which has been the basis of the RAFs leadership training for the last thirty years. These attributes are not exclusive to each the level of leadership to which they are appointed in the model, rather that the relative importance of those attributes changes in relation to the leadership context. Adairs (1983) model is not the only model currently being studied by the RAF Leadership Training Centre, others include, the Tannenbaum Schmitt (1958) model of autocratic and democratic styles; the Mouton-Blake Grid (1964); the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership model (1988); the Ashridge Management/Leadership model (Wynn Guditus 1984) and the Bass and Avolio Full Range Leadership model (Bass Avolio 1994). The later of which is gaining significant interest as the RAF goes through a period of change and transformation. The Functional Approach to Leadership is utilised by the lower echelons of the RAF. This practical model shows what it is that a leader should be doing. Few, if any, other models do this. The three circles of the Functional Approach vary in size (or importance) depending on circumstance, for example, the task can become overwhelmingly big on operations at times but at others if the team and Individual are not attended to and take precedence over the task, the people will be lost to the leader. Within the circles many other leadership models can be accommodated, such as transformational leadership, when a leader considers how to deal with task, team or individual.

How To Use the Preterite and Imperfect Tenses of Ser

How To Use the Preterite and Imperfect Tenses of Ser Spanish has at least two common ways of translating simple phrases such as it was using a form of the verb ser - era and fue - but it isnt always easy to know which one to use. Uses for the Two Past Tenses of Ser  Overlap The two forms represent different past tenses, era for the imperfect and fue for the preterite. Corresponding forms also exist for subjects other than it - you could say either eramos and fuimos for we were, for example. Conceptually, the differences between the two past tenses are fairly easy to grasp: the imperfect tense generally refers to actions that occurred numerous times and/or didnt have a definite end, while the preterite typically refers to actions that took place or at least ended at a definite time. However, for the English speaker, applying those concepts to the past tenses of ser can be problematic, partly because it seems in practice that native speakers commonly use the imperfect for states of being that had a definite end, while an application of the rule above might suggest use of the preterite. Similarly, it would seem logical to say, for example, era mi hija for she was my daughter, because presumably once a daughter always a daughter, but in fact fue mi hija also is heard. Similarly, it isnt hard to come up with sentences structured and translated similarly where one of the verb forms is preferred over the other. Here are two such pairs:  ¿Cà ³mo fue tu clase? (How was your class? The preterite tense is preferred here.) ¿Cà ³mo era tu juventud? (How was your childhood? The imperfect tense is preferred.) ¿Cà ³mo fue el partido? (How was the game? Preterite.) ¿Cà ³mo era la ciudad antes? (How was the city before? Imperfect.) Which Tense of Ser Is Preferred? It is difficult to formulate an exact rule for which tense of ser is preferred. But it may be helpful to think of the imperfect (such as era and eran) being used primarily when talking about inherent characteristics and to think of the preterite (such as fue and fueron) to refer to events in the broadest sense of the word. You can see this distinction in this recent list of top Web search results for era:  ¿Einstein era malo en matemticas? (Was Einstein bad in mathematics?)Si ayer era malo ... (If yesterday was bad ...) ¿Quien dijo que la marihuana era malo? (Who said marijuana was bad?)No sabà ­a que yo era capaz. (I didnt know I was capable.) ¿Era malo Hitler en realidad? (Was Hitler actually bad?) In all these sentences, it might be said that era is used to refer to the basic nature of persons or things, even if they had a definite end. Note the differences from the following: El semestre pasado fue malo. (The past semester was bad.)Tu amor fue malo. (Your love was bad.)El paisaje de amenazas digitales fue malo durante el aà ±o pasado. (The cyberthreat scene was bad during the past year.)Esos ​negocios fueron malos  para Grecia. (Those businesses were bad for Greece.)Al final Chiquidrcula no fue malo para Panam. (In the end Chiquidrcula wasnt bad for Panama.) These sentences also refer to the nature of of things, but the things can all be thought of as a type of event. The love of the second sentence and the businesses in the fourth were  decidedly temporary, for example, and the other sentence subjects can be thought of events in a more traditional sense. The use of the preterite also is more common when it is followed by a past participle: El concierto fue pospuesto. (The concert was postponed.)El goleador brasileà ±o fue detenido con marihuana y crack. (The Brazilian goalie was arrested with marijuana and crack.)Los animales fueron acostumbrados al ambiente de laboratorio. (The animals were accustomed to the laboratory environment.)   Unfortunately, this guide is far from foolproof. Ayer era malo and ayer fue malo can both be used for yesterday was bad. And even though the postponing of a concert might be seen as something that requires the preterite, youll sometimes here statements such as el concierto era pospuesto. Also,  native speakers seem to show little preference between era difà ­cil de explicar and fue difà ­cil de explicar, both of which translate to It was difficult to explain. Ultimately, as you learn Spanish and hear it used by native speakers, youll get a clearer idea of which verb form sounds more natural.

The Elements of Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Elements of Poetry - Essay Example Both the poets talks about their childhood experiences in a different mood. Sharon Olds Born was born in San Francisco on November 19, 1942, and she earned a BA at Stanford University and a PhD at Columbia University. Her poetry talks about life and acceptance and one of the reviewer for New York Times writes’ "Her work has a robust sensuality, a delight in the physical that is almost Whitmanesque. She has made the minutiae of a woman's everyday life as valid a subject for poetry as the grand abstract themes that have preoccupied other poets" (Olds). Robert Hayden was born on August 4, 1913 and he was a celebrated American poet and an educator. The poems â€Å"Late Poem to My Father† by Sharon Olds and â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† by Robert Hayden portrays their childhood life and takes the readers on an emotional journey. Sharon Olds’ poem â€Å"Late Poem to My Father† illustrates the effect of a childhood trauma and how it can effect adulthood. The tone of the poem is sad and it evoke the traumatic childhood of her father. The narrator gives her childhood a voice and she experienced an epiphany in which she tries to understand her father’s abusive behavior and even forgive him for all the heartache.

Wiki Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wiki - Assignment Example The journey was influenced by a vision that Xuanzang experienced even after official refusal to travel by Emperor Taizong on grounds of safeguarding national security, Xuanzang’s state-supported decision (Hwui-Li 28). The travel chronological of Xuanzang was as a result of the conflicting Chinese traditional principles and his adherence to the doctrines of Buddhism. Chinese followed filial piety and Confucian orthodoxy, but on the other hand, Buddhism advocated for Monatic discipline and Mahayana progressivism. Having undergone a confusion education system, Xuanzang sought to re-define the philosophies of Buddhism by going to the cradle land of Buddhism, India. Travel tales of Xuanzang, therefore, allow the audience to actualize the travel experiences of Xuanzang, in relation to the influential people he met in his journey and the resultant imperial and scholastic elements of the Buddhism in China (Wriggins 21). During his journey, Xuanzang encountered different societies, each with their own traditional influence, Confucianism, Persian and Buddhis. Upon arrival in India at the Nalanda monastery, his incorporation as a Silabhadra disciple incorporated his observations in previous societies encountered to the taught philosophies at the monastery. India and China acknowledged his histrorian influence. In India, Xuanzang ousted notable Buddhist Indian potentates, Brahmins, Jains and heterodox Buddhists. Back in China, Xuanzang became the historian of the day. Even after leaving as an imperial fugitive, Emperor Taizong acknowledged his historical influence all over central Asia, influencing huge Chinese populations to adopt his Buddhist ideologies (Hwui-Li 182). The reception from the different people he countered in his journey amused him, while bad encounters such as robbers and the Gobi Desert were the challenges along his route. During his journey, Xuanzang encountered a tale that almost resembled Greek tragedy. While at Silk Road,

Two Page Summary on Chapter 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two Page Summary on Chapter 3 - Essay Example In the chapter, What can I contribute? Drucker focuses on contributions and results. An executive sometimes gets bogged down and distracted by unnecessary things like office politics, the future of the company, his own personal growth, etc. This will make him unproductive. Instead he should ask himself â€Å"What can I contribute†. Drucker (2006) feels that to ask this question â€Å"is to look for the unused potential in the job†. He is of the view that, â€Å"The focus on contribution turns the executive’s attention away from his own specialty, his own narrow skills, his own department, and toward the performance of the whole.† Further he discusses the four basis requirements necessary for effective human relations which in turn are absolutely necessary for effective contribution. The four requirements are: "What can I contribute that will significantly affect the performance and the results of the institution I serve?" This question, which Drucker thinks, an effective executive must ask, forms the basis of Drucker’s views on an executive’s contribution to his organization. Here, by contribution, Drucker means what one can do better than anyone else to make a difference. An executive’s goal must be to make a difference and be effective. It is not about doing well in what you have specialized or your specialized area of wok. It is about achieving excellence in other areas as well. An expert in one field has to learn and know about other fields, other people’s perceptions, needs and limitations and use this knowledge to be effective in his work. For an organization contribution may mean different things. But for Drucker it means â€Å"performance in three major areas: direct results, building of values and their reaffirmation; and building and developing people for tomorrow.† A person who wants to contribute must ask

Current Event-Licensing Agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Current Event-Licensing Agreement - Essay Example The deal fits well into the objectives of each of the parties involved, and this may mean that the parties carefully looked into what benefits they will accrue from such an agreement before signing. Kate Spade & Co is seeking to use Fossil’s extensive networks to expand its operations to a global scale, meet growing demands and increase its profit margins. On the other hand, Fossil Global Inc is excited to add and represent Kate Spade & Co to its already envious portfolio. Looking back, Fossil Global has successfully entered into huge deals before. They have signed agreements with popular, successful brands such as Giorgio Armani and Michael Kors, both of which recently renewed their agreements for another ten year period. Fossil Global also handles the design, production and distribution of accessories for its portfolio of clients and takes off this load from the clients. Also with Fossil Global’s large distribution channel spanning competitively over 150 countries, Kate Spade & Co headache of creating their distribution points across the globe will reduce. I strongly believe that this partnership is worth undertaking despite the currency dip challenges that faced Fossil Global in the last quarter of their financial year. This type of partnership is a perfect example of a huge risk huge returns opportunity. The deal involves known and unknown risks as well as assumptions and uncertainties, some of which are outside the parties’ control. Using past experiences, Fossil Global Inc has signed other such agreements with huge and reputable brands including the American sportswear brand, Tory Burch and have come out successful in the end. When I look at the agreement, the ten-year period provides the parties involved with sufficient time to gather enough information to make informed decisions on whether the partnership is worthwhile or

Human Resources Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resources Case Study - Essay Example Employee selection and retention are crucial factors, thus the need for a streamlined recruitment and training process is vital. Also, it is my responsibility to work in coordination with all the departments of the company in order to examine and understand the needs of the employees (Human Resource Manager, n.d). I should act as a bridge between the top management and the staff.  In order to bring change to the existing system, my first and foremost duty are find a sales manager as the previous two were not qualified for such an important and complex position. The position of a sales manager is considered to be one of the most imperative and celebrated jobs in the field of sales and marketing. The job of a sales manager is to coach, direct, and oversee his/her sales staff and take complete responsibility for the staff. He/she organizes the workings of the sales department by developing territories, goals, and quotas for the sales staff. Assessing the market analyses facilitates him/her to understand customer needs, the number of sales, and pricing plan that will fulfill the organizational goals.  At Perfect Juice Inc. a sales manager needs to have a Masters Degree in Business Administration with a specialization in marketing. A sales manager should have knowledge regarding mathematics and statistics and their application. Also, e/she should be an expert in sales and marketing along with excellent computer skills and a complete understanding of the internet. Moreover, the sales manager should have knowledge of the structure and content of the English language.  A sales manager should also possess strong administrative and managerial skills and should be proficient in ha ndling customer and personal service. The basic skills and requirements for a sales manager are: He/she would monitor and assess his/her own performance and the performance of other individuals and also suggest the management regarding the improvements or the corrective actions that need to be undertaken.

Abuse of prescription of narcotics in primary care and its prevention Dissertation

Abuse of prescription of narcotics in primary care and its prevention - Dissertation Example Journal Issue, Pages: Journal of General Internal Medicine Vol. 21 No. 6 Pages 652-655. Year published Years data collected: Published in 2006. Purpose: To determine in community health care environments the level of satisfaction with regard to training received on current practices in the management of pain among the care providers. Methodology, Variables Design, Sample, Instruments: Qualitative study. Variables Design: Issues involving reaching optimal control of pain in patients and approaches that would assist in improving prescribing of opioids in managing chronic pain. Sample: 67 attending physicians, 19 nurse practitioners, 3 physician assistants, and 22 family practice residents, making a total of 111 participants from 178 selected. Instruments: Survey questionnaire relating to satisfaction with training and care delivery with regards to chronic pain, issues concerning chronic pain management, possibility of prescribing opioids, and estimation of the probability of psycho-soc ial co-morbidities Findings: From a wide perspective there was low satisfaction among primary care providers in satisfaction of the treatment of chronic pain. For most of the attending physicians the training received in chronic pain treatment during their medical education and residency training was insufficient. For most of the care providers the major barriers to optimal pain treatment were patient self-management, patient, psychological factors, and patient compliance. There was a low rate of willingness to prescribe opioids, with the factor of the patients selling the opioids being the main barrier. Moe frequent visits raised the likelihood of willingness to prescribe opioids. Comments, Implications, Limitations: Primary care providers hold the view that the patients are the biggest barrier to optimal chronic care in primary care settings. Implications: The findings of the study suggest that education and training of primary care providers in chronic pain treatment should have a greater focus on patient oriented approaches in the management of chronic pain, and how to deal with substance abuse and addiction. Strengths: Survey questionnaire grounded in earlier studies, with assistance from a group consisting of primary care providers, researchers, and a pain specialist. Limitation: Small sample size limits the generalization of the findings of the study. Theme – 1: Lack of education of primary care providers about pain management. Unique Identifier: Sullivan 2 Authors: Sullivan, M. D., Edlund, M. J., Zhang, L., Unutzer, J. & Wells, K. B. Title: Association Between Mental Health Disorders, Problem Drug Use, and Regular Prescription Opioid Use. Journal Issue, Pages: Archives of Internal Medicine Vol. 166 Pages 2087-2093. Year published Years data collected: Published in 2006. 1998 and 2001. Purpose: To investigate whether mental disorders enhance the risk of opioid use or whether opioid enhances the risk for mental disorders from a large cross section of the population. Methodology, Variables Design, Sample, Instruments: Cross-sectional Qualitative study. Variables: Dependent Variables – Regular prescription opioid use. Independent Variables – Mental health and problem drug use. Sample: 6439 individuals matching the inclusion criteria from the 1998 and 2001 waves of the population-base survey Health-care for Communities (HCC). Instruments: Data from the 1998 and 2001 waves of the population-base survey Health-care for Communities (HCC). Findings: Patients on regular prescription opioids had the higher risk probability by two to three times to seek mental health assistance. Continued use of opioids by patients from 1998-2001 was associated with a higher risk for common mental

Human Resources Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resources Case Study - Essay Example Employee selection and retention are crucial factors, thus the need for a streamlined recruitment and training process is vital. Also, it is my responsibility to work in coordination with all the departments of the company in order to examine and understand the needs of the employees (Human Resource Manager, n.d). I should act as a bridge between the top management and the staff.  In order to bring change to the existing system, my first and foremost duty are find a sales manager as the previous two were not qualified for such an important and complex position. The position of a sales manager is considered to be one of the most imperative and celebrated jobs in the field of sales and marketing. The job of a sales manager is to coach, direct, and oversee his/her sales staff and take complete responsibility for the staff. He/she organizes the workings of the sales department by developing territories, goals, and quotas for the sales staff. Assessing the market analyses facilitates him/her to understand customer needs, the number of sales, and pricing plan that will fulfill the organizational goals.  At Perfect Juice Inc. a sales manager needs to have a Masters Degree in Business Administration with a specialization in marketing. A sales manager should have knowledge regarding mathematics and statistics and their application. Also, e/she should be an expert in sales and marketing along with excellent computer skills and a complete understanding of the internet. Moreover, the sales manager should have knowledge of the structure and content of the English language.  A sales manager should also possess strong administrative and managerial skills and should be proficient in ha ndling customer and personal service. The basic skills and requirements for a sales manager are: He/she would monitor and assess his/her own performance and the performance of other individuals and also suggest the management regarding the improvements or the corrective actions that need to be undertaken.

International finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International finance - Assignment Example The system of the Agreement was aimed towards keeping the major currencies of the world at a fixed rate. With the collapse of the system, the world economies have been facing the volatility which is continuing at present as well. Under the system of Bretton Woods, the various countries’ major currencies were used to be fixed in relation to the Dollar while the Dollar was fixed with respect to the value of gold. This system indicated that the threat of currency instability was to be abided by the governments. As a result of this system, the corporation houses were to deal with lesser trading activities related with foreign currencies on a large volume. The system of the Bretton Woods Agreement at that time was factually capable of providing significant firmness within the markets of currencies (Hussain, 2010). The governments prefer fixed exchange rates to floating exchange rates which is prevalent at present in the world economies because under the later system, the currencies ’ demand and supply factors are the determinant of the rate of exchanges within the market of foreign exchange. Thus, the governments’ power over the fluctuations of the currency valuation gets removed under the floating rate system. Along with this fact, the risk associated with the currency and financials appears in privatised form (Ono, 2004). On the other hand, the distinctive system of the fixed exchange rate allows the governments or respective authorities to bestow controls over certain tools of the monetary policy such as that of the regulation on the rates of interests and supply of money through issuing fresh bills. However, the authorities in charge of the monetary policies function under the control and regime of a board of currency which allows the authorities to enhance the money supply only after ensuring that the particular country has sufficient reserves of the foreign currency that are essential for backing up the enhancement of domestic currency with in the nation (International Monetary Fund, 2009). More precisely, it is due to the following advantages of fixed exchange rates in the international monetary system that government prefers to preserve it. Firstly, due to the existence of fixed exchange rate system, price constancy in the international trading market can be ensured for the purpose of effective performance on trading. Price stability in the international trading market aids towards its growth and it also assures less risk for the businesses. Secondly, fixed exchange rates are termed to be inclined towards policies against inflation under this system. The countries are required to operate under strict policies related to both monetary as well as fiscal administration. Thirdly, the regimes under the system of fixed exchange rate demand from the Central Bank that it should uphold huge amount of foreign reserves in the form of both hard currencies and gold as well. This requirement of the fixed exchange rate regime helps in backing up risks that can arise due to any adverse situation of the international market (Fordham University, 2011). Along with the above mentioned benefits, another essential benefit sought by the government that make the fixed exchange rate system preferable for the government is that fixed rates are highly

OSHA and Machine Safeguarding Essay Example for Free

OSHA and Machine Safeguarding Essay Guidelines on machine guarding – In most industries, small and large machines are used to perform various functions. The moving parts of these machines can cause injuries such as amputations, burns, lacerations, or crushing (Safety and Health Topics). OSHA has brought about certain guidelines, which are mandatory for employers to follow while using machines in their workplace to protect employees from injuries. Two OSHA regulations apply to all machining operations. These are:  · OSHA standards for machine guarding – Standard 1910. 211 – 1910.222  · OSHA lockout/tagout standards – Standard 1910.147 and 1910.331 OSHA regulations require that measures be taken to protect operators and other employees in the workplace from hazards created by rotating parts, flying chips and sparks, by contact with a moving machine part, chemical and hot metal splashes, and machine malfunction due to mechanical and electrical faults. OSHA recognizes that most mechanical mishaps occur due to dangerous moving parts in three areas – the point of operation, power transmission apparatus, and other moving parts of a machine. Besides these, there are some mechanical motions and actions that are hazardous, such as rotation, reciprocation, cutting, shearing, and bending (Concepts and Techniques of Machine Safeguarding). Some non-mechanical factors also cause hazards, such as the power source of a machine. Some of the safeguards that are required by OSHA to be followed for all machines are as follows:  · The point of operation of a machine, which causes a risk of injury to the operator will be guarded.  · To prevent the operator from putting his hand in a danger zone, special tools for putting and retrieving raw materials and finished products will be used.  · Revolving drums and containers will be guarded by enclosures to prevent injury.  · Blades that are less than seven feet above the floor will be guarded.  · Fixed machines will be anchored securely to prevent them from moving accidentally.  · Proper lockout and tagout systems will be implemented to prevent machines from being turned on by unauthorized personnel.  · Power sources will be properly grounded and old, frayed wires will be replaced.  · Besides these, OSHA has devised specific guidelines for machines belonging to industries such as woodworking machinery, cooperage machinery, mechanical power presses, etc. (Regulations, Standards 29 CFR). Machine guarding compliance – Besides formulating regulations, OSHA also enforces compliance with these regulations. Punitive measures are taken against businesses not in compliance with OSHA regulations, which include cancellation of licenses. To encourage compliance, OSHA provides training and tools to assist business owners. OSHA has developed software packages called â€Å"e-Tools† that are interactive web-based tools that provide information on various OSHA regulations, including machine guarding. The content is illustrated through graphics and helps employers know how OSHA guidelines apply to their particular business. This tool is available on the OSHA website at http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/oshasoft/index.html. Besides these, OSHA has developed powerpoint presentations and compliance checklists to help business owners with compliance. Workmen can lodge complaints against business owners through OSHA’s website (OSHA eTools and Electronic Products for Compliance Assistance).